English
Etymology
From Middle English cucumer, cucumber, from Old French cocombre, ultimately from Latin cucumis, cucumerem (possibly through an Old Occitan intermediate). Probably of Pre-Italic substrate origin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbər/
- (obsolete) IPA(key): /ˈkaʊˌkʌmbəɹ/[1][2]
- (Indic) IPA(key): /k(j)ʊˈkʊmbə(ɾ)/
Noun
cucumber (countable and uncountable, plural cucumbers)
- A vine in the gourd family, Cucumis sativus.
1767, A Lady [Hannah Glasse], The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Eaſy […] [1], page 326:ASPARAGUS, cauliflowers, imperial Sileſia, royal and cabbage lettuces, burnet, purſlain, cucumbers, naſturtian flowers, peaſe and beans ſown in October, artichokes, ſcarlet ſtrawberries, and kidney beans.
- (vegetable) The edible fruit of this plant, having a green rind and crisp white flesh.
- Synonyms: (informal) cuke, (colloquial) cumber
1785, James Boswell, quoting Samuel Johnson, Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnſon […] [2], London: Henry Baldwin, page 356:[…] for it has been a common ſaying of phyſicians in England, that a cucumber ſhould be well ſliced, and dreſſed with pepper and vinegar, and then thrown out, as good for nothing.
1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Publishing”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 14:"Why, pepper and salt your reasons!" cried Curl, forgetting to look at the door for a moment: "your pamphlet has talent; but talent is like a cucumber, nothing without the dressing. You must be more personal."
1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 71:Probably on account of its phallic formation, the cucumber is often assumed to have aphrodisiac qualities.
2025 March 12, David Tanis, “Cucumber-Cabbage Salad With Sesame”, in The New York Times[3], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 March 2025:To the bowl, add cucumber, cabbage and carrot.
- (informal, figurative) A person who is calm and self-possessed.
1986, Linking Technology and Users, pages 41 passage=Just a few tips will help even the most anxious of us get a bit of control over the presentation of information and thus appear to be that "cool cucumber" in cognito!:
1999, Mark Grantham, The Brewery, page 275:The guy's a real cucumber.
2002, Margaret Fisher, Putting on Mock Trials, page 29:That Wolf is one cool cucumber.
2018, Derek B. Miller, American By Day, page 65:"You're smart," says Irv, pointing at her and nodding his head. "A smart cucumber."
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
Descendants
Translations
plant
- Albanian: kastravec (sq)
- Arabic: خِيَار (ar) m (ḵiyār)
- Egyptian Arabic: خيار m (xeyār)
- Moroccan Arabic: خيار (ḵyār)
- Armenian: վարունգ (hy) (varung)
- Assamese: তিয়ঁহ (tiõh)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܝܼܵܪܵܐ m (ḳīyara)
- Asturian: pepinu (ast) m
- Azerbaijani: xiyar (az)
- Bashkir: ҡыяр (qıyar)
- Basque: luzoker
- Belarusian: агуро́к (be) m (ahurók)
- Bulgarian: кра́ставица (bg) f (krástavica)
- Burmese: သခွား (my) (sa.hkwa:)
- Catalan: cogombre (ca) m, cogombrera f
- Chichewa: mnkhaka
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 青瓜 (ceng1 gwaa1)
- Dungan: хуонгуа (huongua)
- Mandarin: 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (zh) (huángguā), 青瓜 (zh) (qīngguā)
- Coptic: ⲃⲟⲛϯ f (bonti)
- Crimean Tatar: hıyar
- Czech: okurka (cs) f
- Danish: agurk (da) c
- Dargwa: хияр (ꭓiər)
- Dutch: komkommer (nl) m
- Erzya: куяр (kujar)
- Esperanto: kukumo
- Estonian: kurk (et)
- Faroese: agurka f, gurka f, agurk f
- Finnish: kurkku (fi)
- French: concombre (fr) m
- Galician: cogombro (gl) m
- Georgian: კიტრი (ka) (ḳiṭri)
- German: Gurke (de) f
- Greek: αγγουριά (el) f (angouriá)
- Ancient Greek: σίκυος m (síkuos), σίκυς f (síkus)
- Medieval Greek: ἀγγουρέα f (angouréa)
- Hebrew: מְלָפְפוֹן (he) m (m'laf'fon)
- Hindi: खीरा (hi) f (khīrā), ककड़ी (hi) f (kakṛī)
- Hungarian: uborka (hu)
- Ido: kukombriero
- Indonesian: mentimun (id), timun (id), ketimun (id)
- Irish: cúcamar
- Italian: cetriolo (it) m
- Japanese: 胡瓜 (ja) (きゅうり, kyūri), キュウリ (ja) (kyūri)
- Kaitag: хийа́р (ꭓijár)
- Kannada: ಸೌತೆಬಳ್ಳಿ (kn) (sautebaḷḷi), ಸವುತೆ (kn) (savute)
- Khmer: ត្រសក់ (km) (trɑsɑk), តាសក់ (km) (tasɑk)
- Kikai: 胡瓜 (きうい, kiui)
- Komi-Zyrian: ӧгурец (ögurec), ӧгуреч (ögureć)
- Korean: 오이 (ko) (oi)
- Kumyk: хыяр (xıyar)
- Lao: ໝາກແຕງ (lo) (māk tǣng)
- Latin: cucumis (la) m
- Latvian: gurķis (lv) m
- Laz: შუკა (şuǩa)
- Lithuanian: agurkas m
- Low German: Gurk f
- Macedonian: краставица f (krastavica)
- Malagasy: kitsaotsao (mg)
- Malayalam: വെള്ളരി (ml) (veḷḷari)
- Maltese: ħjar m
- Marathi: काकडी (mr) f (kākḍī)
- Mauritian Creole: kokom
- Middle English: cucumer
- Mingrelian: კინტირი (ḳinṭiri)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: agurk (no) m
- Nynorsk: agurk m
- Occitan: pepin
- Okinawan: 胡瓜 (きーうい, kīui)
- Polish: ogórek (pl) m
- Portuguese: pepineiro (pt) m, pepino (pt) m
- Punjabi: ਖੀਰਾ m (khīrā)
- Romagnol: ziẓarnël m
- Romanian: castravete (ro) m
- Russian: огуре́ц (ru) m (oguréc)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: кра̏ставац m
- Roman: krȁstavac (sh) m
- Slovak: uhorka (sk) f
- Slovene: kumara (sl) f
- Somali: qajaar
- Spanish: pepino (es) m
- Swedish: gurka (sv) c
- Tagalog: pipino
- Tamil: வெள்ளரி (ta) (veḷḷari)
- Telugu: దోస (te) (dōsa)
- Thai: แตงกวา (th) (dtɛɛng-gwaa)
- Isan: บักแตง (bak-dtɛɛng), หมากแตง (maak-dtɛɛng)
- Northern Thai: บะแต๋ง (ba-dtɛ̌ng)
- Southern Thai: แตงเบา (dtɛɛng-bao)
- Tulu: ತೆಕ್ಕರೆ (tcy) (tekkare)
- Turkish: hıyar (tr), salatalık (tr)
- Ukrainian: огіро́к (uk) (ohirók)
- Uyghur: تەرخەمەك (ug) (terxemek)
- Vietnamese: dưa chuột (vi), dưa leo (vi)
- Volapük: küg (vo)
- Welsh: cucumer (cy) m
- White Hmong: dib
- Yiddish: אוגערקע f (ugerke)
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edible fruit
- Afrikaans: komkommer (af)
- Albanian: trangull (sq) m kastravec (sq) m
- Alekano: gamó
- Amharic: ኪያር m (kiyar)
- Arabic: خِيَار (ar) m (ḵiyār)
- Egyptian Arabic: خيارة f (xeyāra), خيار m pl (xeyār)
- Armenian: վարունգ (hy) (varung)
- Assamese: তিয়ঁহ (tiõh)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܝܼܵܪܵܐ m (ḳīyara)
- Asturian: pepinu (ast) m
- Azerbaijani: xiyar (az)
- Bashkir: ҡыяр (qıyar)
- Belarusian: агуро́к (be) m (ahurók)
- Bengali: শসা (bn) (śośa)
- Bhojpuri: खीरा (khīrā)
- Brunei Malay: timun
- Bulgarian: кра́ставица (bg) f (krástavica)
- Burmese: သခွား (my) (sa.hkwa:)
- Catalan: cogombre (ca) m
- Cebuano: pepino
- Chechen: наьрс (närs)
- Cherokee: ᎦᎦᎹ (gagama)
- Chichewa: mnkhaka
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 青瓜 (ceng1 gwaa1), 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (wong4 gwaa1)
- Dungan: хуонгуа (huongua)
- Eastern Min: 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (uòng-guă)
- Hakka: 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (vòng-kôa)
- Hokkien: 刺瓜 (zh-min-nan) (chhì-koe), 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (zh-min-nan) (n̂g-koe)
- Jin: 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (huon1 gua1)
- Mandarin: 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (zh) (huángguā), 青瓜 (zh) (qīngguā)
- Wu: 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (6waon-ko)
- Xiang: 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (uan2 gua1)
- Chuvash: хӑяр (hăjar)
- Coptic:
- Bohairic: ϣⲱⲡⲓ m (šōpi)
- Sahidic: ϣⲱⲡⲉ m (šōpe)
- Cornish: kukomber m
- Czech: okurka (cs) f
- Danish: agurk (da) c
- Dargwa: хияр (ꭓiər)
- Dutch: komkommer (nl) m
- Early Assamese: খিৰি (khiri)
- Egyptian: (sšpt f), (bꜣdt f)
- Esperanto: kukumo
- Estonian: kurk (et)
- Ewe: adzamtre
- Faroese: agurka f
- Finnish: kurkku (fi)
- French: concombre (fr) m
- Friulian: cudumar m
- Galician: cogombro (gl) m
- Georgian: კიტრი (ka) (ḳiṭri)
- German: Gurke (de) f, Salatgurke f
- Greek: αγγούρι (el) n (angoúri)
- Ancient: σίκυος m (síkuos), σικυός m (sikuós), σίκυς f (síkus), ἀγγούριον n (angoúrion)
- Greenlandic: agurki
- Gujarati: કાકડી f (kākḍī)
- Hawaiian: kaʻukama
- Hebrew: מְלָפְפוֹן (he) m (m'laf'fon)
- Hindi: ककड़ी (hi) f (kakṛī), खीरा (hi) m (khīrā)
- Hungarian: (often referring to gherkin) uborka (hu), (the type longer than 30 cm, 1 ft) kígyóuborka (hu)
- Icelandic: gúrka (is) f, agúrka (is) f
- Ido: kukombro (io)
- Ilocano: pipino
- Indonesian: mentimun (id), timun (id), ketimun (id)
- Irish: cúcamar
- Italian: cetriolo (it) m
- Japanese: 胡瓜 (ja) (きゅうり, kyūri), キュウリ (ja) (kyūri)
- Javanese: timun (jv)
- Kaitag: хийа́р (ꭓijár)
- Kalmyk: хаяр (xayar), аһурцг (ağurtsg)
- Kannada: ಸೌತೆಕಾಯಿ (kn) (sautekāyi), ಸವುತೆ (kn) (savute)
- Karakalpak: qıyar
- Kashubian: gùrka f
- Kazakh: қияр (qiär), бәдірен (bädıren)
- Khakas: ӱгурсӱ (ügursü)
- Khmer: ត្រសក់ (km) (trɑsɑk), តាសក់ (km) (tasɑk)
- Kikai: 胡瓜 (きうい, kiui)
- Komi-Zyrian: ӧгурец (ögurec), ӧгуреч (ögureć)
- Konkani: तौशे (tauśe)
- Korean: 오이 (ko) (oi)
- Kumyk: хыяр (xıyar)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: ئاروو (arû), خەیار (xeyar)
- Northern Kurdish: xiyar (ku), (rare) arû (ku)
- Kyrgyz: бадыраң (ky) (badıraŋ)
- Lao: ໝາກແຕງ (lo) (māk tǣng)
- Latin: cucumis (la) m
- Latvian: gurķis (lv) m
- Lithuanian: agurkas m
- Lutuv: paziy
- Lü: ᦶᦎᧂᦌᧂᧉ (ṫaengsang²)
- Macedonian: краставица f (krastavica)
- Malay: timun (ms)
- Malayalam: വെള്ളരിക്ക (veḷḷarikka)
- Maltese: ħjara
- Maranao: pipino
- Marathi: काकडी (mr) f (kākḍī)
- Middle English: cucumer
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: өргөст хэмх (örgöst xemx), огурцы (ogurcy)
- Navajo: taʼneeskʼání áłtsʼóózígíí
- Norman: cocombre f
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: agurk (no) m
- Nynorsk: agurk m
- Occitan: cogombre (oc) m
- Okinawan: 胡瓜 (きーうい, kīui)
- Old English: eorþæppel m
- Ottoman Turkish: خیار (hıyâr)
- Pannonian Rusyn: огурка f (ohurka)
- Persian:
- Dari: بَادْرَنْگ (bādrang), خِیَار (xiyār)
- Iranian Persian: خِیار (xiyâr)
- Plautdietsch: Gurkj f
- Polish: ogórek (pl) m
- Portuguese: pepino (pt) m
- Punjabi: ਖੀਰਾ m (khīrā)
- Romanian: castravete (ro) m
- Romansch: cucumera f
- Russian: огуре́ц (ru) m (oguréc)
- Scottish Gaelic: cularan m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: кра̏ставац m
- Roman: krȁstavac (sh) m
- Seychellois Creole: kokonm
- Sinhalese: පිපිඤ්ඤා (si) (pipiññā)
- Slovak: uhorka (sk) f
- Slovene: kumara (sl) f
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: górka f
- Southern Altai: огурчын (ogurčïn)
- Spanish: pepino (es) m
- Swahili: tango
- Swedish: gurka (sv) c
- Tagalog: pipino
- Tajik: бодиринг (tg) (bodiring)
- Tamil: வெள்ளரிக்காய் (ta) (veḷḷarikkāy)
- Tatar: кыяр (tt) (qıyar)
- Telugu: దోసకాయ (te) (dōsakāya)
- Thai: แตงกวา (th) (dtɛɛng-gwaa)
- Isan: บักแตง (bak-dtɛɛng), หมากแตง (maak-dtɛɛng)
- Northern Thai: บะแต๋ง (ba-dtɛ̌ng)
- Southern Thai: แตงเบา (dtɛɛng-bao)
- Tigrinya: ኩኩምበር (kukumbär), ቺትርዮለ (čitrəyolä)
- Turkish: hıyar (tr), salatalık (tr)
- Turkmen: hyýar
- Ukrainian: огіро́к (uk) (ohirók)
- Unami: kùkumës inan
- Urdu: کَکْڑی f (kakṛī), کِھیرا m (khīrā)
- Uyghur: تەرخەمەك (ug) (terxemek)
- Uzbek: bodring (uz)
- Venetan: zetriol
- Vietnamese: dưa chuột (vi), dưa leo (vi)
- Welsh: ciwcymbr (cy) m, ciwcymer m, cucumer (cy) m, chwerwddwr m
- White Hmong: dib
- Winnebago: wicąwąssake xaarek, wicąwą sake xaarek
- Yakut: огурсу (ogursu)
- Yiddish: אוגערקע f (ugerke)
- Zhuang: lwgbieng
- ǃXóõ: ʘna̰e
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References
- ^ “Cucumber” in John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, 1791, →OCLC.
- ^ Hall, Joseph Sargent (2 March 1942) “1. The Vowel Sounds of Stressed Syllables”, in The Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4), New York: King's Crown Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 10, page 38.
Further reading
Middle English
Noun
cucumber
- alternative form of cucumer