dearg

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish derg, from Proto-Celtic *dergos (“red, crimson”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”); compare Old English deorc (“dark”) and Tocharian A tärkär/B tarkär (“cloud”).[1]

The verb is from Middle Irish dergaid, from the adjective.[2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

dearg (genitive singular masculine deirg, genitive singular feminine deirge, plural dearga, comparative deirge)

  1. red
  2. live (being in a state of ignition; burning)
  3. extreme, tremendous, utter
    dithneas dearg ― a tearing hurry

Declension

Declension of dearg
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative dearg dhearg dearga;
dhearga2
vocative dheirg dearga
genitive deirge dearga dearg
dative dearg;
dhearg1 		dhearg;
dheirg (archaic) 		dearga;
dhearga2
Comparative níos deirge
Superlative is deirge

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

  • rua
  • (being in a state of ignition; burning): beo

Derived terms

Verb

dearg (present analytic deargann, future analytic deargfaidh, verbal noun deargadh, past participle deargtha)

  1. (transitive) to redden
  2. (transitive) to light (cigarette, pipe, etc.)

Conjugation

conjugation of dearg (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun deargadh
past participle deargtha
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present deargaim deargann tú;
deargair† 		deargann sé, sí deargaimid deargann sibh deargann siad;
deargaid† 		a dheargann; a dheargas /
a ndeargann* 		deargtar
past dhearg mé; dheargas dhearg tú; dheargais dhearg sé, sí dheargamar; dhearg muid dhearg sibh; dheargabhair dhearg siad; dheargadar a dhearg /
ar dhearg* 		deargadh
past habitual dheargainn / ndeargainn‡‡ dheargtá / ndeargtᇇ dheargadh sé, sí / ndeargadh sé, s퇇 dheargaimis; dheargadh muid / ndeargaimis‡‡; ndeargadh muid‡‡ dheargadh sibh / ndeargadh sibh‡‡ dheargaidís; dheargadh siad / ndeargaidís‡‡; ndeargadh siad‡‡ a dheargadh /
a ndeargadh* 		dheargtaí / ndeargta퇇
future deargfaidh mé;
deargfad 		deargfaidh tú;
deargfair† 		deargfaidh sé, sí deargfaimid;
deargfaidh muid 		deargfaidh sibh deargfaidh siad;
deargfaid† 		a dheargfaidh; a dheargfas /
a ndeargfaidh* 		deargfar
conditional dheargfainn / ndeargfainn‡‡ dheargfá / ndeargfᇇ dheargfadh sé, sí / ndeargfadh sé, s퇇 dheargfaimis; dheargfadh muid / ndeargfaimis‡‡; ndeargfadh muid‡‡ dheargfadh sibh / ndeargfadh sibh‡‡ dheargfaidís; dheargfadh siad / ndeargfaidís‡‡; ndeargfadh siad‡‡ a dheargfadh /
a ndeargfadh* 		dheargfaí / ndeargfa퇇
subjunctive
present go ndearga mé;
go ndeargad† 		go ndearga tú;
go ndeargair† 		go ndearga sé, sí go ndeargaimid;
go ndearga muid 		go ndearga sibh go ndearga siad;
go ndeargaid† 		— go ndeargtar
past dá ndeargainn dá ndeargtá dá ndeargadh sé, sí dá ndeargaimis;
dá ndeargadh muid 		dá ndeargadh sibh dá ndeargaidís;
dá ndeargadh siad 		— dá ndeargtaí
imperative
– deargaim dearg deargadh sé, sí deargaimis deargaigí;
deargaidh† 		deargaidís — deargtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Alternative forms

Mutation

Mutated forms of dearg
radical lenition eclipsis
dearg dhearg ndearg

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

See also

Colors in Irish · dathanna (layout · text)
     bán      liath      dubh
             dearg; corcairdhearg              oráiste, flannbhuí; donn              buí; bánbhuí
             líoma-ghlas, glas líoma              glas, uaine              dath an mhiontais
             cian              gormghlas, spéirghorm              gorm
             corcairghorm; indeagó              maigeanta; corcra              bándearg

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “derg”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dergaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 83, page 44
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 54
  5. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 75
  6. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1975) The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: A Phonetic Study, revised edition, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 224, page 42

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish derg,[1] from Proto-Celtic *dergos (“red, crimson”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“to dim, darken”); compare Old English deorc (“dark”) and Tocharian A tärkär/B tarkär (“cloud”).

Pronunciation

Noun

dearg m (genitive singular deirg)

  1. red

Adjective

dearg (genitive singular masculine deirg, genitive singular feminine deirge, nominative plural dearga, comparative deirge)

  1. red
  2. reddish (forming compounds with other colours)
  3. complete, utter (as intensifier)

Declension

Declension of dearg (type I adjective)
masculine feminine plural
nominative dearg dhearg dearga
genitive dheirg deirge dearga
dative dearg dheirg dearga
vocative dheirg dhearg dearga

Derived terms

See also

Colors in Scottish Gaelic · dathan (layout · text)
     bàn, geal      glas      dubh
             dearg; ruadh              orains; donn              buidhe; donn
             uaine              uaine              gorm
             liath; glas              liath              gorm
             purpaidh; guirmean              pinc; purpaidh              pinc

Adverb

dearg

  1. completely, utterly

Verb

dearg (past dhearg, future deargaidh, verbal noun deargadh)

  1. redden
  2. blush
  3. make an impression
  4. (Benbecula, South Uist) be able to

Mutation

Mutation of dearg
radical lenition
dearg dhearg

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “derg”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  3. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  4. ^ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
  5. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. II: The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  6. ^ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “dearg”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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