bán

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Czech

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbaːn]
Rhymes: -aːn
Hyphenation: bán

Noun

bán m anim (relational adjective bánský)

(historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)
(historical) ban (governor of a banovina in Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1941)

Declension

Declension of bán (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	bán	báni
genitive	bána	bánů
dative	bánovi, bánu	bánům
accusative	bána	bány
vocative	báne	báni
locative	bánovi, bánu	bánech
instrumental	bánem	bány

Related terms

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbaːn]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: bán
Rhymes: -aːn

Etymology 1

From a Turkic language. Doublet of bánik.

Verb

bán

(transitive, chiefly in the negative) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by
Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?

Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn’t mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.
(transitive) to regret
Synonym: sajnál

Usage notes

This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, hasonul–(meg)hasonlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *bán*
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	bánok	bánsz	bán	bánunk	bántok	bánnak
			def.	bánom	bánod	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
			2nd obj	bánlak
		past	indef.	bántam	bántál	bánt	bántunk	bántatok	bántak
			def.	bántam	bántad	bánta	bántuk	bántátok	bánták
			2nd obj	bántalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. bánni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	bánék	bánál	bána	bánánk	bánátok	bánának
		def.	bánám	bánád	báná	bánánk	bánátok	bánák
		2nd obj	bánálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bán vala, bánt vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	bánandok	bánandasz	bánand	bánandunk	bánandotok	bánandanak
		def.	bánandom	bánandod	bánandja	bánandjuk	bánandjátok	bánandják
		2nd obj	bánandalak

conditional		present	indef.	bánnék	bánnál	bánna	bánnánk	bánnátok	bánnának
	def.		bánnám	bánnád	bánná	bánnánk (or bánnók)	bánnátok	bánnák
	2nd obj		bánnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánt volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	bánjak	bánj or bánjál	bánjon	bánjunk	bánjatok	bánjanak
			def.	bánjam	bánd or bánjad	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
			2nd obj	bánjalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánt légyen

infinitive		bánni		bánnom	bánnod	bánnia	bánnunk	bánnotok	bánniuk
other forms	bánás		bánó	bánt	bánandó	bánva (bánván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of *bán*
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	bánhatok	bánhatsz	bánhat	bánhatunk	bánhattok	bánhatnak
			def.	bánhatom	bánhatod	bánhatja	bánhatjuk	bánhatjátok	bánhatják
			2nd obj	bánhatlak
		past	indef.	bánhattam	bánhattál	bánhatott	bánhattunk	bánhattatok	bánhattak
			def.	bánhattam	bánhattad	bánhatta	bánhattuk	bánhattátok	bánhatták
			2nd obj	bánhattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	bánhaték	bánhatál	bánhata	bánhatánk	bánhatátok	bánhatának
		def.	bánhatám	bánhatád	bánhatá	bánhatánk	bánhatátok	bánhaták
		2nd obj	bánhatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bánhat vala, bánhatott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	bánhatandok or bánandhatok	bánhatandasz or bánandhatsz	bánhatand or bánandhat	bánhatandunk or bánandhatunk	bánhatandotok or bánandhattok	bánhatandanak or bánandhatnak
		def.	bánhatandom or bánandhatom	bánhatandod or bánandhatod	bánhatandja or bánandhatja	bánhatandjuk or bánandhatjuk	bánhatandjátok or bánandhatjátok	bánhatandják or bánandhatják
		2nd obj	bánhatandalak or bánandhatlak

conditional		present	indef.	bánhatnék	bánhatnál	bánhatna	bánhatnánk	bánhatnátok	bánhatnának
	def.		bánhatnám	bánhatnád	bánhatná	bánhatnánk (or bánhatnók)	bánhatnátok	bánhatnák
	2nd obj		bánhatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánhatott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	bánhassak	bánhass or bánhassál	bánhasson	bánhassunk	bánhassatok	bánhassanak
			def.	bánhassam	bánhasd or bánhassad	bánhassa	bánhassuk	bánhassátok	bánhassák
			2nd obj	bánhassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánhatott légyen

infinitive		(bánhatni)		(bánhatnom)	(bánhatnod)	(bánhatnia)	(bánhatnunk)	(bánhatnotok)	(bánhatniuk)
other forms	bánható			bánhatatlan		(bánhatva / bánhatván)

Derived terms

bánat
bánatos
bánkódik
bánt

(With verbal prefixes):

megbán

Etymology 2

From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun

bán (plural bánok)

(historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)

Declension

Inflection (stem in *-o-*, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	bán	bánok
accusative	bánt	bánokat
dative	bánnak	bánoknak
instrumental	bánnal	bánokkal
causal-final	bánért	bánokért
translative	bánná	bánokká
terminative	bánig	bánokig
essive-formal	bánként	bánokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	bánban	bánokban
superessive	bánon	bánokon
adessive	bánnál	bánoknál
illative	bánba	bánokba
sublative	bánra	bánokra
allative	bánhoz	bánokhoz
elative	bánból	bánokból
delative	bánról	bánokról
ablative	bántól	bánoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	báné	bánoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	bánéi	bánokéi

Possessive forms of *bán*
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	bánom	bánjaim
2nd person sing.	bánod	bánjaid
3rd person sing.	bánja	bánjai
1st person plural	bánunk	bánjaink
2nd person plural	bánotok	bánjaitok
3rd person plural	bánjuk	bánjaik

Derived terms

báni
bánság
Bánság

References

Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
(Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːnˠ/, /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠaːnˠ/, /bˠaːn̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Adjective

bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)

Declension

Declension of *bán*
Positive	singular		plural
Positive	masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	bán	bhán	bána; bhána²
vocative	bháin	bhán	bána
genitive	bháin	báine	bána	bán
dative	bán; bhán¹	bhán; bháin (archaic)	bána; bhána²

Comparative	níos báine
Superlative	is báine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
bánbhia (“white meat”)
bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
bánóg (“white [butterfly]”)
béar bán (“polar bear”)
bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy”)
cailín bán (“golden girl; stoat”)
earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
fobhán (“whitish”, adjective)
fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)
grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
lúbán bán (“white pudding”)
putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)

Descendants

→ Yola: baun, bawn

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bána)

white

Declension

Declension of bán (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	bán	ba
vocative	a bháin	a bhána
genitive	báin	bán
dative	bán	ba

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an bán	na ba
genitive	an bháin	na mbán
dative	leis an mbán don bhán	leis na ba

Derived terms

bán na súl m (“albinism”)

Verb

bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)

(ambitransitive) alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; blanch; clear out, empty, depopulate”)

Conjugation

conjugation of bán (first conjugation – A)

tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
verbal noun	bánadh
past participle	bánta
tense	first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative
present	bánaim	bánann tú; bánair^†	bánann sé, sí	bánaimid	bánann sibh	bánann siad; bánaid^†	a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann*	bántar
past	bhán mé; bhánas	bhán tú; bhánais	bhán sé, sí	bhánamar; bhán muid	bhán sibh; bhánabhair	bhán siad; bhánadar	a bhán / ar bhán*	bánadh
past habitual	bhánainn / mbánainn‡‡	bhántá / mbántá‡‡	bhánadh sé, sí / mbánadh sé, sí‡‡	bhánaimis; bhánadh muid / mbánaimis‡‡; mbánadh muid‡‡	bhánadh sibh / mbánadh sibh‡‡	bhánaidís; bhánadh siad / mbánaidís‡‡; mbánadh siad‡‡	a bhánadh / a mbánadh*	bhántaí / mbántaí‡‡
future	bánfaidh mé; bánfad	bánfaidh tú; bánfair^†	bánfaidh sé, sí	bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid	bánfaidh sibh	bánfaidh siad; bánfaid^†	a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh*	bánfar
conditional	bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡	bhánfá / mbánfá‡‡	bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, sí‡‡	bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡	bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡	bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡	a bhánfadh / a mbánfadh*	bhánfaí / mbánfaí‡‡
subjunctive
present	go mbána mé; go mbánad^†	go mbána tú; go mbánair^†	go mbána sé, sí	go mbánaimid; go mbána muid	go mbána sibh	go mbána siad; go mbánaid^†	—	go mbántar
past	dá mbánainn	dá mbántá	dá mbánadh sé, sí	dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid	dá mbánadh sibh	dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad	—	dá mbántaí
imperative
–	bánaim	bán	bánadh sé, sí	bánaimis	bánaigí; bánaidh^†	bánaidís	—	bántar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old Irish bán (“untilled land, lea”), from the adjective bán (“white”).

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)

(geography) lea; grassland
uncultivated land

Declension

Declension of bán (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	bán	bánta
vocative	a bháin	a bhánta
genitive	báin	bánta
dative	bán	bánta

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an bán	na bánta
genitive	an bháin	na mbánta
dative	leis an mbán don bhán	leis na bánta

Etymology 3

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)

alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure”)

Declension

Declension of bán (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	bán	báin
vocative	a bháin	a bhána
genitive	báin	bán
dative	bán	báin

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an bán	na báin
genitive	an bháin	na mbán
dative	leis an mbán don bhán	leis na báin

Descendants

→ English: bawn
→ Yola: bawen

Mutation

Mutated forms of *bán*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
bán	bhán	mbán

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbaːn/

Adjective

bán

white
pure

Inflection

o/ā-stem
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bán	bán	bán
vocative	báin* bán**	bán
accusative	bán	báin
genitive	báin	báine	báin
dative	bán	báin	bán
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	báin	bána
vocative	bánu bána†
accusative	bánu bána†
genitive	bán
dative	bánaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Synonyms

Descendants

Irish: bán
Manx: bane
Scottish Gaelic: bàn
⇒ Middle Irish: abbán

Mutation

Mutation of *bán*
radical	lenition	nasalization
bán	bán pronounced with /β-/	mbán

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Tày

Pronunciation

(Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˧˥]
(Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˦]

Etymology 1

From Vietnamese bàn.

Noun

bán

altar

Etymology 2

Verb

bán

to leave out
ton bán ― to leave out castration

Etymology 3

Noun

bán

winnowing basket

Etymology 4

Adjective

bán

chipped
Synonyms: bín, bỉu, va̱o

mạc pjạ bán ― chipped knife

pát bán ― chipped bowl

bán pay ám nưng ― with one piece chippped

References

Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[1][2] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎^[3] (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]
Audio (Saigon): (file)

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).

Prefix

bán

half-; semi-; hemi-
bán hẹp bao quy đầu ― with a semi-tight foreskin

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.

Verb

bán • (半, 𬥓, 拌)

to sell

bán	liath	dubh
dearg; corcairdhearg	oráiste, flannbhuí; donn	buí; bánbhuí
líoma-ghlas, glas líoma	glas, uaine	dath an mhiontais
cian	gormghlas, spéirghorm	gorm
corcairghorm; indeagó	maigeanta; corcra	bándearg

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

Usage notes

Conjugation

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Etymology 3

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Synonyms

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading

Tày

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Verb

Etymology 3

Noun

Etymology 4

Adjective

References

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Prefix

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Derived terms