encerrar

Portuguese

Etymology

From en- +‎ cerrar.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.seˈha(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.seˈha(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ɾ)/ [ẽ.seˈha(ɾ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ɾ)/ [ĩ.seˈha(ɾ)]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.seˈχa(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.seˈχa(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ɻ)/ [ẽ.seˈha(ɻ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ɻ)/ [ĩ.seˈha(ɻ)]
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ẽ.sɨˈʁaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ẽ.sɨˈʁa.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: en‧cer‧rar

Verb

encerrar (first-person singular present encerro, first-person singular preterite encerrei, past participle encerrado)

  1. to contain
  2. to complete, finish
  3. (computing) to shut down

Conjugation

    Conjugation of encerrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal encerrar
Personal encerrar encerrares encerrar encerrarmos encerrardes encerrarem
Gerund
encerrando
Past participle
Masculine encerrado encerrados
Feminine encerrada encerradas
Indicative
Present encerro encerras encerra encerramos encerrais encerram
Imperfect encerrava encerravas encerrava encerrávamos encerráveis encerravam
Preterite encerrei encerraste encerrou encerramos1, encerrámos2 encerrastes encerraram
Pluperfect encerrara encerraras encerrara encerráramos encerráreis encerraram
Future encerrarei encerrarás encerrará encerraremos encerrareis encerrarão
Conditional encerraria encerrarias encerraria encerraríamos encerraríeis encerrariam
Subjunctive
Present encerre encerres encerre encerremos encerreis encerrem
Imperfect encerrasse encerrasses encerrasse encerrássemos encerrásseis encerrassem
Future encerrar encerrares encerrar encerrarmos encerrardes encerrarem
Imperative
Affirmative encerra encerre encerremos encerrai encerrem
Negative (não) não encerres não encerre não encerremos não encerreis não encerrem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From en- +‎ cerrar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /enθeˈraɾ/ [ẽn̟.θeˈraɾ] (Spain)
  • IPA(key): /enseˈraɾ/ [ẽn.seˈraɾ] (Latin America, Philippines)
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: en‧ce‧rrar

Verb

encerrar (first-person singular present encierro, first-person singular preterite encerré, past participle encerrado)

  1. to lock up, to coop up
    Synonym: recluir
  2. to lock away, put away, to imprison, to nail (in a prison or mental hospital)
  3. to enclose, to confine, to immure
  4. to contain, to hold, to include, to encapsulate, to entail
  5. (games) to stalemate
  6. (typography) to separate (between brackets, commas)
  7. (reflexive) to take over; occupy (a building)
  8. (reflexive) to shut oneself up, to withdraw, to shut away oneself, to shut off oneself, to lock up or lock down oneself, to close off oneself
  9. (reflexive) to shy away

Conjugation

    Conjugation of encerrar (e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive encerrar
gerund encerrando
past participle masculine feminine
singular encerrado encerrada
plural encerrados encerradas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present encierro encierrastú
encerrásvos 		encierra encerramos encerráis encierran
imperfect encerraba encerrabas encerraba encerrábamos encerrabais encerraban
preterite encerré encerraste encerró encerramos encerrasteis encerraron
future encerraré encerrarás encerrará encerraremos encerraréis encerrarán
conditional encerraría encerrarías encerraría encerraríamos encerraríais encerrarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present encierre encierrestú
encerrésvos2 		encierre encerremos encerréis encierren
imperfect
(ra) 		encerrara encerraras encerrara encerráramos encerrarais encerraran
imperfect
(se) 		encerrase encerrases encerrase encerrásemos encerraseis encerrasen
future1 encerrare encerrares encerrare encerráremos encerrareis encerraren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative encierratú
encerrávos 		encierre encerremos encerrad encierren
negative no encierres no encierre no encerremos no encerréis no encierren

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of encerrar (e-ie alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive encerrar dative encerrarme encerrarte encerrarle, encerrarse encerrarnos encerraros encerrarles, encerrarse
accusative encerrarme encerrarte encerrarlo, encerrarla, encerrarse encerrarnos encerraros encerrarlos, encerrarlas, encerrarse
with gerund encerrando dative encerrándome encerrándote encerrándole, encerrándose encerrándonos encerrándoos encerrándoles, encerrándose
accusative encerrándome encerrándote encerrándolo, encerrándola, encerrándose encerrándonos encerrándoos encerrándolos, encerrándolas, encerrándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative encierra dative enciérrame enciérrate enciérrale enciérranos not used enciérrales
accusative enciérrame enciérrate enciérralo, enciérrala enciérranos not used enciérralos, enciérralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative encerrá dative encerrame encerrate encerrale encerranos not used encerrales
accusative encerrame encerrate encerralo, encerrala encerranos not used encerralos, encerralas
with formal second-person singular imperative encierre dative enciérreme not used enciérrele, enciérrese enciérrenos not used enciérreles
accusative enciérreme not used enciérrelo, enciérrela, enciérrese enciérrenos not used enciérrelos, enciérrelas
with first-person plural imperative encerremos dative not used encerrémoste encerrémosle encerrémonos encerrémoos encerrémosles
accusative not used encerrémoste encerrémoslo, encerrémosla encerrémonos encerrémoos encerrémoslos, encerrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative encerrad dative encerradme not used encerradle encerradnos encerraos encerradles
accusative encerradme not used encerradlo, encerradla encerradnos encerraos encerradlos, encerradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative encierren dative enciérrenme not used enciérrenle enciérrennos not used enciérrenles, enciérrense
accusative enciérrenme not used enciérrenlo, enciérrenla enciérrennos not used enciérrenlos, enciérrenlas, enciérrense

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

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