endurecer
Galician
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Hyphenation: en‧du‧re‧cer
Verb
endurecer (first-person singular present endurezo, first-person singular preterite endurecín, past participle endurecido)
endurecer (first-person singular present endureço, first-person singular preterite endurecim or endureci, past participle endurecido, reintegrationist norm)
- to harden
Conjugation
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
- endurecemento
Further reading
- “endurecer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
- “endurecer” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin indūrēscere, from indūrō. By surface analysis, en- + duro (“hard”) + -ecer. Compare Spanish endurecer.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.du.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.du.ɾeˈse(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.du.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.du.ɾeˈse(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.du.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.du.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.du.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.du.ɾeˈse(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.du.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.du.ɾeˈse(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.du.ɾeˈse(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.du.ɾeˈse(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ẽ.du.ɾɨˈseɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ẽ.du.ɾɨˈse.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: en‧du‧re‧cer
Verb
endurecer (first-person singular present endureço, first-person singular preterite endureci, past participle endurecido)
- to harden (become hard, make harder)
- Synonyms: enrijar, enrijecer
- to strengthen
- Synonym: fortalecer
- (figurative) to harden (become resistant or less sensitive)
- Synonyms: calejar, empedernir
- to harden (get an erection)
- Antonym: (slang) broxar
Conjugation
Derived terms
Further reading
- “endurecer” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin indūrēscere, from indūrō. By surface analysis, en- + duro + -ecer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /enduɾeˈθeɾ/ [ẽn̪.d̪u.ɾeˈθeɾ] (Spain)
- IPA(key): /enduɾeˈseɾ/ [ẽn̪.d̪u.ɾeˈseɾ] (Latin America, Philippines)
Audio (Venezuela): (file) - Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: en‧du‧re‧cer
Verb
endurecer (first-person singular present endurezco, first-person singular preterite endurecí, past participle endurecido)
Conjugation
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive endurecer | dative | endurecerme | endurecerte | endurecerle, endurecerse | endurecernos | endureceros | endurecerles, endurecerse |
accusative | endurecerme | endurecerte | endurecerlo, endurecerla, endurecerse | endurecernos | endureceros | endurecerlos, endurecerlas, endurecerse | |
with gerund endureciendo | dative | endureciéndome | endureciéndote | endureciéndole, endureciéndose | endureciéndonos | endureciéndoos | endureciéndoles, endureciéndose |
accusative | endureciéndome | endureciéndote | endureciéndolo, endureciéndola, endureciéndose | endureciéndonos | endureciéndoos | endureciéndolos, endureciéndolas, endureciéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative endurece | dative | enduréceme | endurécete | endurécele | endurécenos | not used | enduréceles |
accusative | enduréceme | endurécete | endurécelo, endurécela | endurécenos | not used | endurécelos, endurécelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative endurecé | dative | endureceme | endurecete | endurecele | endurecenos | not used | endureceles |
accusative | endureceme | endurecete | endurecelo, endurecela | endurecenos | not used | endurecelos, endurecelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative endurezca | dative | endurézcame | not used | endurézcale, endurézcase | endurézcanos | not used | endurézcales |
accusative | endurézcame | not used | endurézcalo, endurézcala, endurézcase | endurézcanos | not used | endurézcalos, endurézcalas | |
with first-person plural imperative endurezcamos | dative | not used | endurezcámoste | endurezcámosle | endurezcámonos | endurezcámoos | endurezcámosles |
accusative | not used | endurezcámoste | endurezcámoslo, endurezcámosla | endurezcámonos | endurezcámoos | endurezcámoslos, endurezcámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative endureced | dative | endurecedme | not used | endurecedle | endurecednos | endureceos | endurecedles |
accusative | endurecedme | not used | endurecedlo, endurecedla | endurecednos | endureceos | endurecedlos, endurecedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative endurezcan | dative | endurézcanme | not used | endurézcanle | endurézcannos | not used | endurézcanles, endurézcanse |
accusative | endurézcanme | not used | endurézcanlo, endurézcanla | endurézcannos | not used | endurézcanlos, endurézcanlas, endurézcanse |
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “endurecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024