esfumar
Catalan
Etymology
From es- + fum + -ar. Compare Italian sfumare.
Pronunciation
Verb
esfumar (first-person singular present esfumo, first-person singular preterite esfumí, past participle esfumat)
- (transitive) to soften; to tone down
- (reflexive) to fade out; to vanish
- (reflexive, colloquial) to slip away (leave unnoticed)
Conjugation
Conjugation of esfumar (first conjugation)
infinitive | esfumar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | esfumant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | esfumat | esfumada | |||||
plural | esfumats | esfumades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | esfumo | esfumes | esfuma | esfumem | esfumeu | esfumen | |
imperfect | esfumava | esfumaves | esfumava | esfumàvem | esfumàveu | esfumaven | |
future | esfumaré | esfumaràs | esfumarà | esfumarem | esfumareu | esfumaran | |
preterite | esfumí | esfumares | esfumà | esfumàrem | esfumàreu | esfumaren | |
conditional | esfumaria | esfumaries | esfumaria | esfumaríem | esfumaríeu | esfumarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | esfumi | esfumis | esfumi | esfumem | esfumeu | esfumin | |
imperfect | esfumés | esfumessis | esfumés | esfuméssim | esfuméssiu | esfumessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | esfuma | esfumi | esfumem | esfumeu | esfumin | |
negative (no) | — | no esfumis | no esfumi | no esfumem | no esfumeu | no esfumin |
Synonyms
Derived terms
- esfumadura
- esfumí
Further reading
- “esfumar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian sfumare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /esfuˈmaɾ/ [es.fuˈmaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧fu‧mar
Verb
esfumar (first-person singular present esfumo, first-person singular preterite esfumé, past participle esfumado)
- (transitive) to soften; to tone down
- (reflexive) to fade out; to vanish
- (reflexive, colloquial) to slip away (leave unnoticed)
Conjugation
Conjugation of esfumar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
Selected combined forms of esfumar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive esfumar | dative | esfumarme | esfumarte | esfumarle, esfumarse | esfumarnos | esfumaros | esfumarles, esfumarse |
accusative | esfumarme | esfumarte | esfumarlo, esfumarla, esfumarse | esfumarnos | esfumaros | esfumarlos, esfumarlas, esfumarse | |
with gerund esfumando | dative | esfumándome | esfumándote | esfumándole, esfumándose | esfumándonos | esfumándoos | esfumándoles, esfumándose |
accusative | esfumándome | esfumándote | esfumándolo, esfumándola, esfumándose | esfumándonos | esfumándoos | esfumándolos, esfumándolas, esfumándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative esfuma | dative | esfúmame | esfúmate | esfúmale | esfúmanos | not used | esfúmales |
accusative | esfúmame | esfúmate | esfúmalo, esfúmala | esfúmanos | not used | esfúmalos, esfúmalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative esfumá | dative | esfumame | esfumate | esfumale | esfumanos | not used | esfumales |
accusative | esfumame | esfumate | esfumalo, esfumala | esfumanos | not used | esfumalos, esfumalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative esfume | dative | esfúmeme | not used | esfúmele, esfúmese | esfúmenos | not used | esfúmeles |
accusative | esfúmeme | not used | esfúmelo, esfúmela, esfúmese | esfúmenos | not used | esfúmelos, esfúmelas | |
with first-person plural imperative esfumemos | dative | not used | esfumémoste | esfumémosle | esfumémonos | esfumémoos | esfumémosles |
accusative | not used | esfumémoste | esfumémoslo, esfumémosla | esfumémonos | esfumémoos | esfumémoslos, esfumémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative esfumad | dative | esfumadme | not used | esfumadle | esfumadnos | esfumaos | esfumadles |
accusative | esfumadme | not used | esfumadlo, esfumadla | esfumadnos | esfumaos | esfumadlos, esfumadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative esfumen | dative | esfúmenme | not used | esfúmenle | esfúmennos | not used | esfúmenles, esfúmense |
accusative | esfúmenme | not used | esfúmenlo, esfúmenla | esfúmennos | not used | esfúmenlos, esfúmenlas, esfúmense |
Conjugation of esfumarse (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
Further reading
- “esfumar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024