frendo

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ- (“to crush; gnash”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *grindaną (“to grind”), Lithuanian grę́sti (“to plane, scour”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

frendō (present infinitive frendere, perfect active frenduī, supine frēsum or fressum); third conjugation

  1. (intransitive, of teeth) to grind, gnash
  2. (transitive) to crush or grind to pieces
  3. (transitive) to lament over with rage, gnash the teeth

Conjugation

   Conjugation of frendō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present frendō frendis frendit frendimus frenditis frendunt
imperfect frendēbam frendēbās frendēbat frendēbāmus frendēbātis frendēbant
future frendam frendēs frendet frendēmus frendētis frendent
perfect frenduī frenduistī frenduit frenduimus frenduistis frenduērunt,
frenduēre
pluperfect frendueram frenduerās frenduerat frenduerāmus frenduerātis frenduerant
future perfect frenduerō frendueris frenduerit frenduerimus frendueritis frenduerint
passive present frendor frenderis,
frendere 		frenditur frendimur frendiminī frenduntur
imperfect frendēbar frendēbāris,
frendēbāre 		frendēbātur frendēbāmur frendēbāminī frendēbantur
future frendar frendēris,
frendēre 		frendētur frendēmur frendēminī frendentur
perfect frēsus or fressus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect frēsus or fressus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect frēsus or fressus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present frendam frendās frendat frendāmus frendātis frendant
imperfect frenderem frenderēs frenderet frenderēmus frenderētis frenderent
perfect frenduerim frenduerīs frenduerit frenduerīmus frenduerītis frenduerint
pluperfect frenduissem frenduissēs frenduisset frenduissēmus frenduissētis frenduissent
passive present frendar frendāris,
frendāre 		frendātur frendāmur frendāminī frendantur
imperfect frenderer frenderēris,
frenderēre 		frenderētur frenderēmur frenderēminī frenderentur
perfect frēsus or fressus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect frēsus or fressus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — frende — — frendite —
future — frenditō frenditō — frenditōte frenduntō
passive present — frendere — — frendiminī —
future — frenditor frenditor — — frenduntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present frendere frendī frendēns —
future frēsūrum esse,
fressūrum esse 		frēsum īrī,
fressum īrī 		frēsūrus,
fressūrus 		frendendus,
frendundus
perfect frenduisse frēsum esse,
fressum esse 		— frēsus,
fressus
future perfect — frēsum fore,
fressum fore 		— —
perfect potential frēsūrum fuisse,
fressūrum fuisse 		— — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
frendendī frendendō frendendum frendendō frēsum,
fressum 		frēsū,
fressū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Catalan: fresar, fresa (possibly)
  • Sicilian: frisari, fresa
  • Spanish: fresar, fresa (possibly)

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “frendō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

Further reading

  • “frendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “frendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • frendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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