fresar
Catalan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *frictiare, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). Originally this described the action of some animals who rub their bellies on the ground while laying eggs and from there was extended to "lay eggs, spawn" in general. Doublet of fressar.
Verb
fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresí, past participle fresat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From fresa (“milling cutter”) + -ar.
Verb
fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresí, past participle fresat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
- (transitive) to mill (using a milling cutter)
- (transitive) to mix flour with water before kneading
Derived terms
- fresatge
Conjugation
infinitive | fresar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fresant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | fresat | fresada | |||||
plural | fresats | fresades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | freso | freses | fresa | fresem | freseu | fresen | |
imperfect | fresava | fresaves | fresava | fresàvem | fresàveu | fresaven | |
future | fresaré | fresaràs | fresarà | fresarem | fresareu | fresaran | |
preterite | fresí | fresares | fresà | fresàrem | fresàreu | fresaren | |
conditional | fresaria | fresaries | fresaria | fresaríem | fresaríeu | fresarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | fresi | fresis | fresi | fresem | freseu | fresin | |
imperfect | fresés | fresessis | fresés | freséssim | freséssiu | fresessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | fresa | fresi | fresem | freseu | fresin | |
negative (no) | — | no fresis | no fresi | no fresem | no freseu | no fresin |
Further reading
- “fresar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
Portuguese
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /fɾeˈza(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /fɾeˈza(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /fɾɨˈzaɾ/, /fɾɛˈzaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /fɾɨˈza.ɾi/, /fɾɛˈza.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: fre‧sar
Verb
fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresei, past participle fresado)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | fresar | |||||
Personal | fresar | fresares | fresar | fresarmos | fresardes | fresarem |
Gerund | ||||||
fresando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | fresado | fresados | ||||
Feminine | fresada | fresadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | freso | fresas | fresa | fresamos | fresais | fresam |
Imperfect | fresava | fresavas | fresava | fresávamos | fresáveis | fresavam |
Preterite | fresei | fresaste | fresou | fresamos1, fresámos2 | fresastes | fresaram |
Pluperfect | fresara | fresaras | fresara | fresáramos | fresáreis | fresaram |
Future | fresarei | fresarás | fresará | fresaremos | fresareis | fresarão |
Conditional | fresaria | fresarias | fresaria | fresaríamos | fresaríeis | fresariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | frese | freses | frese | fresemos | freseis | fresem |
Imperfect | fresasse | fresasses | fresasse | fresássemos | fresásseis | fresassem |
Future | fresar | fresares | fresar | fresarmos | fresardes | fresarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | fresa | frese | fresemos | fresai | fresem | |
Negative (não) | não freses | não frese | não fresemos | não freseis | não fresem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Derived terms
Further reading
- “fresar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
- “fresar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
Spanish
Etymology
From fresa (“endmill”) + -ar, or from Vulgar Latin frēsare,[1] frequentative of Latin frendere (“to grind”) through its past participle frēsum.[2] The main sense of "to mill" was probably taken French fraiser.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fɾeˈsaɾ/ [fɾeˈsaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: fre‧sar
Verb
fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresé, past participle fresado)
- to mill (using a milling cutter)
- to mix flour with water before kneading
- (rare, dated) to grunt, gripe, complain
Conjugation
infinitive | fresar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fresando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | fresado | fresada | |||||
plural | fresados | fresadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | freso | fresastú fresásvos |
fresa | fresamos | fresáis | fresan | |
imperfect | fresaba | fresabas | fresaba | fresábamos | fresabais | fresaban | |
preterite | fresé | fresaste | fresó | fresamos | fresasteis | fresaron | |
future | fresaré | fresarás | fresará | fresaremos | fresaréis | fresarán | |
conditional | fresaría | fresarías | fresaría | fresaríamos | fresaríais | fresarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | frese | fresestú fresésvos2 |
frese | fresemos | freséis | fresen | |
imperfect (ra) |
fresara | fresaras | fresara | fresáramos | fresarais | fresaran | |
imperfect (se) |
fresase | fresases | fresase | fresásemos | fresaseis | fresasen | |
future1 | fresare | fresares | fresare | fresáremos | fresareis | fresaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | fresatú fresávos |
frese | fresemos | fresad | fresen | ||
negative | no freses | no frese | no fresemos | no freséis | no fresen |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive fresar | dative | fresarme | fresarte | fresarle, fresarse | fresarnos | fresaros | fresarles, fresarse |
accusative | fresarme | fresarte | fresarlo, fresarla, fresarse | fresarnos | fresaros | fresarlos, fresarlas, fresarse | |
with gerund fresando | dative | fresándome | fresándote | fresándole, fresándose | fresándonos | fresándoos | fresándoles, fresándose |
accusative | fresándome | fresándote | fresándolo, fresándola, fresándose | fresándonos | fresándoos | fresándolos, fresándolas, fresándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative fresa | dative | frésame | frésate | frésale | frésanos | not used | frésales |
accusative | frésame | frésate | frésalo, frésala | frésanos | not used | frésalos, frésalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative fresá | dative | fresame | fresate | fresale | fresanos | not used | fresales |
accusative | fresame | fresate | fresalo, fresala | fresanos | not used | fresalos, fresalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative frese | dative | fréseme | not used | frésele, frésese | frésenos | not used | fréseles |
accusative | fréseme | not used | fréselo, frésela, frésese | frésenos | not used | fréselos, fréselas | |
with first-person plural imperative fresemos | dative | not used | fresémoste | fresémosle | fresémonos | fresémoos | fresémosles |
accusative | not used | fresémoste | fresémoslo, fresémosla | fresémonos | fresémoos | fresémoslos, fresémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative fresad | dative | fresadme | not used | fresadle | fresadnos | fresaos | fresadles |
accusative | fresadme | not used | fresadlo, fresadla | fresadnos | fresaos | fresadlos, fresadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative fresen | dative | frésenme | not used | frésenle | frésennos | not used | frésenles, frésense |
accusative | frésenme | not used | frésenlo, frésenla | frésennos | not used | frésenlos, frésenlas, frésense |
Derived terms
References
- ^ “fresar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “fresar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “fresar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024