pa- -in

• pa- -hin
• pa- -nin

pa- -in (Baybayin spelling ᜉ ᜒᜈ᜔)

1. (causative) Object trigger - Circumfix to form the causative verb form of the adjectives

   ‎tahimik (“quiet”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎patahimikin (“to silence”)

   ‎lamig (“cold”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎palamigin (“to cool”)

   Palamigin mo itong inumin.

   Cool this drink.

2. (causative) Object trigger - Indicates performance of the action of the verb

   ‎daan (“pass”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎paraanin (“make someone give way”)

   ‎upo (“sitting”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎paupuin (“make someone sit down”)

   Paupuin mo 'ang mga bisita.

   Ask the visitors to sit down.

• Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.

  ‎punta + ‎pa- -in → ‎papuntahin

  ‎ganda + ‎pa- -in → ‎pagandahin

  ‎laki + ‎pa- -in → ‎palakihin

  ‎tawa + ‎pa- -in → ‎patawanin

• Due to allophony, /d/ turns into /r/ when inserted before -in or after pa-.

  ‎tawad + ‎pa- -in → ‎patawarin

  ‎dami + ‎pa- -in → ‎paramihin

  ‎danas + ‎pa- -in → ‎paranasin

• Fiona De Vos, Frederik De Vos ((Can we date this quote?)) “Pa-…-in: Tagalog Verb Affix”, in Learning Tagalog

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