Latin
Etymology
From poena (“punishment, penalty”) + -iō.
Pronunciation
Verb
pūniō (present infinitive pūnīre, perfect active pūnīvī or pūniī, supine pūnītum); fourth conjugation
- to punish
- Synonyms: multō, castīgō, expiō, obiūrgō, animadvertō, moneō, mulctō, ulcīscor, plēctō, exsequor
- to take vengeance, avenge
- Synonyms: persequor, ulcīscor, vindicō
Usage notes
The passive forms are often treated as a separate deponent verb pūnior, with an active meaning.
Conjugation
Conjugation of pūniō (fourth conjugation)
| indicative
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| active
|
present
|
pūniō
|
pūnīs
|
pūnit
|
pūnīmus
|
pūnītis
|
pūniunt
|
| imperfect
|
pūniēbam
|
pūniēbās
|
pūniēbat
|
pūniēbāmus
|
pūniēbātis
|
pūniēbant
|
| future
|
pūniam
|
pūniēs
|
pūniet
|
pūniēmus
|
pūniētis
|
pūnient
|
| perfect
|
pūnīvī,
pūniī
|
pūnīvistī,
pūniistī
|
pūnīvit,
pūniit
|
pūnīvimus,
pūniimus
|
pūnīvistis,
pūniistis
|
pūnīvērunt,
pūnīvēre,
pūniērunt,
pūniēre
|
| pluperfect
|
pūnīveram,
pūnieram
|
pūnīverās,
pūnierās
|
pūnīverat,
pūnierat
|
pūnīverāmus,
pūnierāmus
|
pūnīverātis,
pūnierātis
|
pūnīverant,
pūnierant
|
| future perfect
|
pūnīverō,
pūnierō
|
pūnīveris,
pūnieris
|
pūnīverit,
pūnierit
|
pūnīverimus,
pūnierimus
|
pūnīveritis,
pūnieritis
|
pūnīverint,
pūnierint
|
| passive
|
present
|
pūnior
|
pūnīris,
pūnīre
|
pūnītur
|
pūnīmur
|
pūnīminī
|
pūniuntur
|
| imperfect
|
pūniēbar
|
pūniēbāris,
pūniēbāre
|
pūniēbātur
|
pūniēbāmur
|
pūniēbāminī
|
pūniēbantur
|
| future
|
pūniar
|
pūniēris,
pūniēre
|
pūniētur
|
pūniēmur
|
pūniēminī
|
pūnientur
|
| perfect
|
pūnītus + present active indicative of sum
|
| pluperfect
|
pūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
|
| future perfect
|
pūnītus + future active indicative of sum
|
| subjunctive
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| active
|
present
|
pūniam
|
pūniās
|
pūniat
|
pūniāmus
|
pūniātis
|
pūniant
|
| imperfect
|
pūnīrem
|
pūnīrēs
|
pūnīret
|
pūnīrēmus
|
pūnīrētis
|
pūnīrent
|
| perfect
|
pūnīverim,
pūnierim
|
pūnīverīs,
pūnierīs
|
pūnīverit,
pūnierit
|
pūnīverīmus,
pūnierīmus
|
pūnīverītis,
pūnierītis
|
pūnīverint,
pūnierint
|
| pluperfect
|
pūnīvissem,
pūniissem
|
pūnīvissēs,
pūniissēs
|
pūnīvisset,
pūniisset
|
pūnīvissēmus,
pūniissēmus
|
pūnīvissētis,
pūniissētis
|
pūnīvissent,
pūniissent
|
| passive
|
present
|
pūniar
|
pūniāris,
pūniāre
|
pūniātur
|
pūniāmur
|
pūniāminī
|
pūniantur
|
| imperfect
|
pūnīrer
|
pūnīrēris,
pūnīrēre
|
pūnīrētur
|
pūnīrēmur
|
pūnīrēminī
|
pūnīrentur
|
| perfect
|
pūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
|
| pluperfect
|
pūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
|
| imperative
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| active
|
present
|
—
|
pūnī
|
—
|
—
|
pūnīte
|
—
|
| future
|
—
|
pūnītō
|
pūnītō
|
—
|
pūnītōte
|
pūniuntō
|
| passive
|
present
|
—
|
pūnīre
|
—
|
—
|
pūnīminī
|
—
|
| future
|
—
|
pūnītor
|
pūnītor
|
—
|
—
|
pūniuntor
|
| pūnīre
|
pūnīrī
|
pūniēns
|
—
|
| pūnītūrum esse
|
pūnītum īrī
|
pūnītūrus
|
pūniendus,
pūniundus
|
pūnīvisse,
pūniisse
|
pūnītum esse
|
—
|
pūnītus
|
| —
|
pūnītum fore
|
—
|
—
|
| pūnītūrum fuisse
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| pūniendī
|
pūniendō
|
pūniendum
|
pūniendō
|
pūnītum
|
pūnītū
|
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “punio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “punio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- punio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to punish some one: punire aliquem
Neapolitan
Etymology
Inherited from Latin pugnus.
Noun
punio m (plural punie or ponie)
- fist
- punch
References
- Giacco, Giuseppe (2003) “punio”, in Schedario Napoletano
- Rocco, Emmanuele (1882) Vocabolario del dialetto napolitano[2]