zer
Basque
Alternative forms
- ze (colloquial)
Etymology
From Proto-Basque *zer, containing the interrogative prefix *ze-.[1]
Pronunciation
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -er
- Hyphenation: zer
Determiner
zer (preposed, interrogative)
Derived terms
- zer arraio (“what the hell”)
- zer berri
Pronoun
zer (interrogative, relative)
Declension
| nor | zer | zein | zenbat | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | plural | indefinite | plural | |||||||
| absolutive | nor | nortzuk | zer | zein | zeintzuk | zenbat | ||||
| ergative | nork | nortzuek | zerk | zeinek | zeintzuek | zenbatek | ||||
| dative | nori | nortzuei | zeri | zeini | zeintzuei | zenbati | ||||
| genitive | noren | nortzuen | zeren | zeinen | zeintzuen | zenbaten | ||||
| comitative | norekin | nortzuekin | zerekin | zeinekin | zeintzuekin | zenbatekin | ||||
| causative | norengatik | nortzuengatik | zergatik | zeinengatik | zeintzuengatik | zenbatengatik | ||||
| benefactive | norentzat | nortzuentzat | zerentzat | zeinentzat | zeintzuentzat | zenbatentzat | ||||
| instrumental | anim | nortaz | nortzuetaz | zertaz | zeinetaz | zeintzuetaz | zenbatetaz | |||
| inan | ―
|
―
|
zerez | zeinez | zeintzuez | zenbatez | ||||
| inessive | anim | norengan | nortzuengan | ―
|
zeinengan | zeintzuengan | zenbatengan | |||
| inan | non | ―
|
zertan | zeinetan | zeintzuetan | zenbatean zenbatetan | ||||
| locative | anim | ―
|
―
|
―
|
―
|
―
|
―
| |||
| inan | nongo | ―
|
zereko | zeinetako | zeintzuetako | zenbateko zenbatetako | ||||
| allative | anim | norengana | nortzuengana | ―
|
zeinengana | zeintzuengana | zenbatengana | |||
| inan | nora | ―
|
zertara | zeinetara | zeintzuetara | zenbatetara | ||||
| terminative | anim | norenganaino | nortzuenganaino | ―
|
zeinenganaino | zeintzuenganaino | zenbatenganaino | |||
| inan | noraino | ―
|
zertaraino | zeinetaraino | zeintzuetaraino | zenbatetaraino | ||||
| directive | anim | norenganantz | nortzuenganantz | ―
|
zeinenganantz | zeintzuenganantz | zenbatenganantz | |||
| inan | norantz | ―
|
zertarantz | zeinetarantz | zeintzuetarantz | zenbatetarantz | ||||
| destinative | anim | norenganako | nortzuenganako | ―
|
zeinenganako | zeintzuenganako | zenbatenganako | |||
| inan | norako | ―
|
zertarako | zeinetarako | zeintzuetarako | zenbatetarako | ||||
| ablative | anim | norengandik | nortzuengandik | ―
|
zeinengandik | zeintzuengandik | zenbatengandik | |||
| inan | nondik | ―
|
zertatik | zeinetatik | zeintzuetatik | zenbatetatik | ||||
| prolative | nortzat | ―
|
zertzat | ―
|
―
|
―
| ||||
Derived terms
- zer ba
- zer dela eta (“why”)
- zer dugu (“what's going on”)
- zer edo zer (“something”)
- zer esanik ez
- zer eta zer
- zer gerta ere (“just in case”)
- zer modutan
- zer moduz
- zer moduzko
- zer nahi duzu
- zer-nola
- zer-nolako
- zera
- zerbait (“something”)
- zerbait izan
- zerbaitxo
- zerbaixka
- zeregin (“task”)
- zeren
- zeren eta (“because”)
- zerendako
- zerengatik
- zerentzat
- zeresan
- zeresan eman
- zergati
- zergatik (“why”)
- zergatik edo hargatik (“for some reason”)
- zergatiko (“reason”)
- zerikusi
- zerizan
- zerki
- zernahi
- zernahi gerta ere
- zernahi gisaz
- zernahi izanik
- zernahi kostarik (“whatever it takes”)
- zernahitarako
- zertako
- zertan (“in what situation”)
- zertarako (“for what”)
- zertaratu
- zertasun (“essence”)
- zertsu (“more or less what”)
- zertu
- zertxobait (“something”)
- zertzuk
Descendants
- Basque-Icelandic Pidgin: ser
Adverb
zer (not comparable)
Noun
zer inan
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | zer | zera | zerak |
| ergative | zerek | zerak | zerek |
| dative | zeri | zerari | zerei |
| genitive | zeren | zeraren | zeren |
| comitative | zerekin | zerarekin | zerekin |
| causative | zerengatik | zerarengatik | zerengatik |
| benefactive | zerentzat | zerarentzat | zerentzat |
| instrumental | zerez | zeraz | zerez |
| inessive | zeretan | zerean | zeretan |
| locative | zeretako | zereko | zeretako |
| allative | zeretara | zerera | zeretara |
| terminative | zeretaraino | zereraino | zeretaraino |
| directive | zeretarantz | zererantz | zeretarantz |
| destinative | zeretarako | zererako | zeretarako |
| ablative | zeretatik | zeretik | zeretatik |
| partitive | zerik | — | — |
| prolative | zertzat | — | — |
References
- ^ R. L. Trask (2008) “ze-”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 370
Further reading
- “zer”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
- “zer”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Dalmatian
Etymology
Inherited from Latin īre. The present and subjunctive forms are based on Latin vādere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡zer/
Verb
zer (second-person plural imperative zaite)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
| infinitive | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | zendo | ||||||
| past participle | zait | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ju | te | jal/jala | nu | vu | jali/jale | |
| present | zai | zai | zaja | zaime | zaite | zaja | |
| imperfect | zaja | zaja | zaja | zajaime | zajaite | zaja | |
| perfect | jai zait | ji zait | ju zait | jaime zait | jaite zait | ju zait | |
| pluperfect | avas zait | avas zait | avaja zait | avajaime zait | avajaite zait | avas zait | |
| future | zera | zerai | zero | zerme | zerte | zero | |
| conditional | zere | zere | zere | zerme | zerte | zere | |
| subjunctive | ju | te | jal/jala | nu | vu | jali/jale | |
| present | zaja | zaja | zaja | zaime | zaite | zaja | |
| imperfect | zis | zisse | zissa | zissaime | zissaite | zis | |
| imperative | — | te | — | nu | vu | — | |
| affirmative | zai | zaime | zaite | ||||
| negative | naun zai | naun zaime | naun zaite | ||||
Conjugation of
| infinitive | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | zendo | ||||||
| past participle | zait | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ju | te | jal/jala | nu | vu | jali/jale | |
| present | vis | vi | vis | vaime | vaite | vis | |
| imperfect | zaja | zaja | zaja | zajaime | zajaite | zaja | |
| perfect | jai zait | ji zait | ju zait | jaime zait | jaite zait | ju zait | |
| pluperfect | avas zait | avas zait | avaja zait | avajaime zait | avajaite zait | avas zait | |
| future | zera | zerai | zero | zerme | zerte | zero | |
| conditional | zere | zere | zere | zerme | zerte | zere | |
| subjunctive | ju | te | jal/jala | nu | vu | jali/jale | |
| present | visa | visa | visa | visaime | visaite | visa | |
| imperfect | zis | zisse | zissa | zissaime | zissaite | zis | |
| imperative | — | te | — | nu | vu | — | |
| affirmative | zai | zaime | zaite | ||||
| negative | naun zai | naun zaime | naun zaite | ||||
Related terms
See also
Northern Kurdish
Alternative forms
- زەر (zer) — Arabic spelling
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zɛɾ/
- Rhymes: -ɛɾ
Adjective
| Central Kurdish | زەرد (zerd) |
|---|---|
| Laki | zerd |
| Zazaki | zerd |
| Gurani | zerd |
zer
See also
| spî | gewr | reş |
| sor; sorê sor | pirteqalî; qehweyî | zer; qîçik |
| keskê vekirî | kesk | kevz; keskê tarî |
| şînê vekirî; hêşîn | şînê esmanî | şîn |
| şîrkî, mor; heş | soravî; binefşî, xemir | pîvazî, pembe |
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈzɛr/
- Rhymes: -ɛr
- Syllabification: zer
Noun
zer n
- genitive plural of zero
Romanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Either a substrate word related to zară (“buttermilk”), or from Latin serum, possibly influenced by Greek ζέμα (zéma). Compare Aromanian dzãr / dzer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zer/
Noun
zer n (plural zeruri)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | zer | zerul | zeruri | zerurile | |
| genitive-dative | zer | zerului | zeruri | zerurilor | |
| vocative | zerule | zerurilor | |||
Related terms
Further reading
- “zer”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025
Turkmen
Pronunciation
Noun
zer (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])