ésser

See also: esser and èsser

Catalan

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈe.sə]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.seɾ]
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

ésser (first-person singular present soc, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle estat or sigut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

  1. (copulative) to be
  2. to exist, to be real, to be reality
Usage notes
  • Ésser in the sense of "to be" is used for a characteristic of a person or object. See also: estar.
    Soc britànic, és catalana. ― I'm British, she's Catalan.
    L'or és groc. ― Gold is yellow.
  • Ésser + past participle forms the passive voice.
    Era pagat per la Generalitat. ― I was paid by the Generalitat.
Conjugation
    Conjugation of ésser (second conjugation, irregular)
infinitive ésser
gerund sent, essent
past participle masculine feminine
singular estat, sigut estada, siguda
plural estats, siguts estades, sigudes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present soc ets és som sou són
imperfect era eres era érem éreu eren
future seré seràs serà serem sereu seran
preterite fui fores fou fórem fóreu foren
conditional seria, fora series, fores seria, fora seríem, fórem seríeu, fóreu serien, foren
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present sigui siguis sigui siguem sigueu siguin
imperfect fos fossis fos fóssim fóssiu fossin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — sigues sigui siguem sigueu siguin
negative (no) — no siguis no sigui no siguem no sigueu no siguin

Etymology 2

Nominalization of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

Noun

ésser m (plural éssers)

  1. being (a living creature)
Derived terms

Further reading

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