кой
Adyghe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʷaj]
Noun
кой • (kʷoj)
Synonyms
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Old Slavonic кꙑи.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kɔj]
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
кой • (koj) m (interrogative)
- who, which (one) (used to ask about the identity of one or more people or things)
- Кого́ питаш?
- Kogó pitaš?
- Who are you asking?
- С кого́ разговарям?
- S kogó razgovarjam?
- Who am I talking to?
- Кои́ от пациентите се възстановиха?
- Koí ot pacientite se vǎzstanoviha?
- Which of the patients have recovered?
- Кое́ искаш?
- Koé iskaš?
- Which one do you want?
- (as a conjunction) who, which, what (used to introduce an indirect question)
- Не зная кой ще дойде.
- Ne znaja koj šte dojde.
- I don't know who will come.
- Чудя се от кого́ беше писмото.
- Čudja se ot kogó beše pismoto.
- I wonder who the letter was from.
- Решението, кого́ да поканим, беше трудно.
- Rešenieto, kogó da pokanim, beše trudno.
- The decision who to invite was a difficult one.
- Изтръпвам при мисълта, кой би могъл да направи подобно нещо.
- Iztrǎpvam pri misǎlta, koj bi mogǎl da napravi podobno nešto.
- I shudder at the thought who could do such a thing.
Usage notes
The accusative, dative and prepositional forms are used only when кой (koj) is a pronoun standing on its own (not a determiner standing in front of a noun) and refers to a person. The dative form is dated and is replaced by на (na) + the prepositional form:
- На кого́ да благодаря́.
- Na kogó da blagodarjá.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
In informal Bulgarian the nominative form is often used instead of the accusative and prepositional ones:
- Кой питаш, с кой разговарям.
- Koj pitaš, s koj razgovarjam.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
This usage is not considered standard.
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | кой koj |
коя́ kojá |
кое́ koé |
кои́ koí |
| accusative | кого́ kogó | |||
| dative | кому́1 komú1 | |||
1Archaic.
Determiner
кой • (koj) m (interrogative)
- which, what (used to ask about the identity of one or more people or things)
- Коя́ жена́ би се омъжила за него?
- Kojá žená bi se omǎžila za nego?
- What woman would marry him?
- Кое́ яйце е по-тежко?
- Koé jajce e po-težko?
- Which egg is heavier?
- На кой стол седеше?
- Na koj stol sedeše?
- Which chair was she sitting on?
- (as a conjunction) who, which, what (used to introduce an indirect question)
- Не можеха да решат коя́ песен да пуснат.
- Ne možeha da rešat kojá pesen da pusnat.
- They couldn't decide which song to play.
- Попитах ги през кои́ градове са минали.
- Popitah gi prez koí gradove sa minali.
- I asked them what towns they went through.
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| кой koj |
коя́ kojá |
кое́ koé |
кои́ koí |
Related terms
| personal | qualitative | possessive | quantitative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | nominative | кой (koj) | какъ́в (kakǎ́v) ко́лкав (kólkav) |
чий (čij) | ко́лко (kólko) колци́на (kolcína) |
| accusative | кого́ (kogó) | ||||
| dative | кому́ (komú) | ||||
| prepositional | с кого́ (s kogó) | ||||
| feminine | коя́ (kojá) | каква́ (kakvá) ко́лкава (kólkava) |
чия́ (čijá) | ||
| neuter | кое́ (koé) какво́ (kakvó) що (što) |
какво́ (kakvó) ко́лкаво (kólkavo) |
чие́ (čié) | ||
| plural | кои́ (koí) | какви́ (kakví) ко́лкави (kólkavi) |
чии́ (čií) | ||
Erzya
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kuja (“custom, habit, way, manner”). Compare Proto-Finnic *kujëh, whence Finnish kuje (“practical joke”).
First coined in sense of body of administrative rules by bishop Damaskin in 1785.
Noun
кой • (koj)
- tradition, custom
- 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 53:
- Son že jovtaź synenst otvets: mezeń kis tyńgak kalavtsynk pazoń zapovedenze tynk koienk kis?
- Jesus replied, “And why do you break the command of God for the sake of your tradition?
- way, manner
- law
Declension
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Russian кое- (koje-).
Particle
кой • (koj)
- As part of compound particles:
- кой-зярдо, кой-косо
- koj -źardo, koj -koso
- sometimes, somewhere
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “кой”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- Entry #381 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Kyrgyz
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic; cognate with Kazakh қой (qoi), Uzbek qo'y, Azerbaijani qoyun, Turkmen goýun, Turkish koyun.
Noun
кой • (koy) (Arabic spelling قوي)
Declension
| singular (жекелик) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| possession → case ↓ |
— | first-person singular (менин) |
second-person singular informal (сенин) |
second-person singular formal (сиздин) |
third-person singular/plural (анын/алардын) |
first-person plural (биздин) |
second-person plural informal (силердин) |
second-person plural formal (сиздердин) |
| nominative (атооч) | кой koy |
койум koyum |
койуң koyuŋ |
койуңуз koyuŋuz |
койу koyu |
койубуз koyubuz |
койуңар koyuŋar |
койуңуздар koyuŋuzdar |
| genitive (илик) | койдун koydun |
койумдун koyumdun |
койуңдун koyuŋdun |
койуңуздун koyuŋuzdun |
койунун koyunun |
койубуздун koyubuzdun |
койуңардын koyuŋardın |
койуңуздардын koyuŋuzdardın |
| dative (барыш) | койго koygo |
койума koyuma |
койуңа koyuŋa |
койуңузга koyuŋuzga |
койуна koyuna |
койубузга koyubuzga |
койуңарга koyuŋarga |
койуңуздарга koyuŋuzdarga |
| accusative (табыш) | койду koydu |
койумду koyumdu |
койуңду koyuŋdu |
койуңузду koyuŋuzdu |
койуну koyunu |
койубузду koyubuzdu |
койуңарды koyuŋardı |
койуңуздарды koyuŋuzdardı |
| locative (жатыш) | койдо koydo |
койумда koyumda |
койуңда koyuŋda |
койуңузда koyuŋuzda |
койунда koyunda |
койубузда koyubuzda |
койуңарда koyuŋarda |
койуңуздарда koyuŋuzdarda |
| ablative (чыгыш) | койдон koydon |
койумдан koyumdan |
койуңдан koyuŋdan |
койуңуздан koyuŋuzdan |
койунан koyunan |
койубуздан koyubuzdan |
койуңардан koyuŋardan |
койуңуздардан koyuŋuzdardan |
| plural (көптөгөн) | ||||||||
| possession → case ↓ |
— | first-person singular (менин) |
second-person singular informal (сенин) |
second-person singular formal (сиздин) |
third-person singular/plural (анын/алардын) |
first-person plural (биздин) |
second-person plural informal (силердин) |
second-person plural formal (сиздердин) |
| nominative (атооч) | койлор koylor |
койлорум koylorum |
койлоруң koyloruŋ |
койлоруңуз koyloruŋuz |
койлору koyloru |
койлорубуз koylorubuz |
койлоруңар koyloruŋar |
койлоруңуздар koyloruŋuzdar |
| genitive (илик) | койлордун koylordun |
койлорумдун koylorumdun |
койлоруңдун koyloruŋdun |
койлоруңуздун koyloruŋuzdun |
койлорунун koylorunun |
койлорубуздун koylorubuzdun |
койлоруңардын koyloruŋardın |
койлоруңуздардын koyloruŋuzdardın |
| dative (барыш) | койлорго koylorgo |
койлорума koyloruma |
койлоруңа koyloruŋa |
койлоруңузга koyloruŋuzga |
койлоруна koyloruna |
койлорубузга koylorubuzga |
койлоруңарга koyloruŋarga |
койлоруңуздарга koyloruŋuzdarga |
| accusative (табыш) | койлорду koylordu |
койлорумду koylorumdu |
койлоруңду koyloruŋdu |
койлоруңузду koyloruŋuzdu |
койлоруну koylorunu |
койлорубузду koylorubuzdu |
койлоруңарды koyloruŋardı |
койлоруңуздарды koyloruŋuzdardı |
| locative (жатыш) | койлордо koylordo |
койлорумда koylorumda |
койлоруңда koyloruŋda |
койлоруңузда koyloruŋuzda |
койлорунда koylorunda |
койлорубузда koylorubuzda |
койлоруңарда koyloruŋarda |
койлоруңуздарда koyloruŋuzdarda |
| ablative (чыгыш) | койлордон koylordon |
койлорумдан koylorumdan |
койлоруңдан koyloruŋdan |
койлоруңуздан koyloruŋuzdan |
койлорунан koylorunan |
койлорубуздан koylorubuzdan |
койлоруңардан koyloruŋardan |
койлоруңуздардан koyloruŋuzdardan |
Nogai
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *koń.[1] cognate with Kazakh қой (qoi), Uzbek qo'y, Azerbaijani qoyun, Turkmen goýun, Turkish koyun.
Noun
кой • (koy)
References
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 ko:ñ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 631
Further reading
- N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “кой”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic къи (kŷi), from Proto-Slavic *kъjь (“who, what, which”), from *kъ (“who”) + *-jь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas (“who”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos (“who”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [koj]
Audio: (file)
Determiner
кой • (koj)
- (archaic, literary) how, which, who, what
- Synonyms: како́й (kakój), кото́рый (kotóryj)
- Antonym: никой (nikoj)
- в ко́и-то ве́ки ― v kói-to véki ― once in a very long time
- до ко́их пор? ― do kóix por? ― how long?
- из ко́их ― iz kóix ― of which; of whom
- на кой чёрт? ― na koj čort? ― what the hell for?
- ни в ко́ей ме́ре ― ni v kójej mére ― not in the least
- ни в ко́ем ра́зе ― ni v kójem ráze ― not on your nelly
- ни в ко́ем слу́чае ― ni v kójem slúčaje ― on no account; by no means
- ни ко́им о́бразом ― ni kóim óbrazom ― there is no way
Usage notes
Now only found in a few set phrases and expressions.
Declension
Declension of кой
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | кой koj |
ко́е kóje |
ко́я kója |
ко́и kói | |
| genitive | ко́его kójevo |
ко́ей kójej |
ко́их kóix | ||
| dative | ко́ему kójemu |
ко́ей kójej |
ко́им kóim | ||
| accusative | animate | ко́его kójevo |
ко́е kóje |
ко́ю kóju |
ко́их kóix |
| inanimate | кой koj |
ко́и kói | |||
| instrumental | ко́им kóim |
ко́ей, ко́ею kójej, kójeju |
ко́ими kóimi | ||
| prepositional | ко́ем kójem |
ко́ей kójej |
ко́их kóix | ||
Pre-reform declension of кой
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | кой koj |
ко́е kóje |
ко́я kója |
ко́и kói | |
| genitive | ко́его kójevo |
ко́ей kójej |
ко́ихъ kóix | ||
| dative | ко́ему kójemu |
ко́ей kójej |
ко́имъ kóim | ||
| accusative | animate | ко́его kójevo |
ко́е kóje |
ко́ю kóju |
ко́ихъ kóix |
| inanimate | кой koj |
ко́и kói | |||
| instrumental | ко́имъ kóim |
ко́ей, ко́ею kójej, kójeju |
ко́ими kóimi | ||
| prepositional | ко́емъ kójem |
ко́ей kójej |
ко́ихъ kóix | ||
Derived terms
Related terms
Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷe- (0 c, 10 e)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кой”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress\
Southern Altai
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic; cognate with Kazakh қой (qoi), Uzbek qo'y, Azerbaijani qoyun, Turkmen goýun, Turkish koyun.
Noun
кой • (koy)
References
N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “кой”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN