ум

From Proto-Slavic *umъ.

• IPA^(key): [um]
• Rhymes: -um

ум • (um) m

1. mind, nous (center of mentality)

   Synonyms: ра́зум (rázum), акъ́л (akǎ́l)

   имам на ум ― imam na um ― to have in mind

   идва/доижда някому на ум ― idva/doižda njakomu na um ― to come to someone's mind

   минава някому през ума ― minava njakomu prez uma ― to go through someone's mind

   събирам си ума ― sǎbiram si uma ― to self-reflect (literally, “to collect one's mind”)

   завъртам някому ума ― zavǎrtam njakomu uma ― to overawe, to bedazzle (literally, “to turn someone's mind around”)

   бида с ума си ― bida s uma si ― to be conscious (literally, “to be with one's mind”)

   бистър ум ― bistǎr um ― clear mind

   остър ум ― ostǎr um ― sharp mind

2. intellect, wits, brains, brainpower, grey cells (capacity for reason and judgement)

   Synonyms: интеле́кт (intelékt), разсъ́дък (razsǎ́dǎk), ми́съл (mísǎl)

   влагам ум в нещо

   vlagam um v nešto

   to think/contemplate over something

   (literally, “to invest intellect into something”)

   давам някому ум

   davam njakomu um

   to advice someone

   (literally, “to give someone wits”)

   някому не му побира умът нещо

   njakomu ne mu pobira umǎt nešto

   not to comprehend, grasp something

   (literally, “someone's brains does not hold up something”)

• “ум”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “ум”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “умъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 439
• “оумъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2025

• му (mu)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *umъ.

• IPA^(key): [um]
• Rhymes: -um

ум • (um) m (plural умови, relational adjective умен, diminutive умче, augmentative умиште)

1. intellect, intelligence, mind, wit, brain

   Synonyms: акал m (akal), мозок m (mozok), памет (pamet)

• “ум” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
• “ум” in Официјален дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Oficijalen digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − makedonski.gov.mk (in Macedonian)
• ум in Makedonisch Info (germansko-makedonski rečnik, makedonsko-germanski rečnik)

• умъ (um) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Inherited from Old East Slavic умъ (umŭ), from Proto-Slavic *umъ.

• IPA^(key): [um]

• Audio:

  (file)

ум • (um) m inan (genitive ума́, nominative plural умы́, genitive plural умо́в, augmentative уми́ще, pejorative уми́шко)

1. mind

   в своём уме́ ― v svojóm umé ― in one's senses, in one's right mind

   не в своём уме́ ― ne v svojóm umé ― not right in the head, out of one's sense

   взя́ться за ум ― vzjátʹsja za um ― clean up one's act

   у него́ ум за ра́зум зашёл ― u nevó um za rázum zašól ― he went crazy

   прийти́ на ум ― prijtí na um ― to occur, to cross one's mind

   своди́ть/свести́ с ума́ ― svodítʹ/svestí s umá ― to drive crazy

2. intellect
3. cleverness, brains, wit
4. reason

• интелле́кт (intellékt)
• ра́зум (rázum)
• рассуди́тельность (rassudítelʹnostʹ)
• соображе́ние (soobražénije)
• сообрази́тельность (soobrazítelʹnostʹ)

• сойти́ с ума́ pf (sojtí s umá)

• безу́мец (bezúmec)
• умне́ть (umnétʹ), поумне́ть (poumnétʹ)
• у́мник (úmnik)
• у́мница (úmnica)
• у́мный (úmnyj)

• ум in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *umъ.

• IPA^(key): /ûːm/

у̑м m inan (Latin spelling ȗm)

1. mind
2. intellect
3. wit

• “ум”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

From Proto-Turkic *ɨm.

ум • (um)

1. secret sign

Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura

From Proto-Permic *on, from Proto-Uralic *adema. Cognates include Northern Mansi ӯлум (ūlum) and Moksha удома (udoma).

Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ун (un) and Komi-Permyak он (on).

• IPA^(key): [ˈum]
• Rhymes: -um
• Hyphenation: ум

ум • (um)

1. sleep
2. dream

• L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ум”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 695
• T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 77
• Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 297

Inherited from Old East Slavic умъ (umŭ), from Proto-Slavic *umъ.

• IPA^(key): [um]

• Audio:

  (file)

ум • (um) m inan (genitive ума́, nominative plural уми́, genitive plural умі́в)

1. (somewhat dated) intelligence

   Synonym: ро́зум (rózum)

2. (somewhat dated) reason, wit

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “ум”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “ум”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)