توفراق

Chagatai

Alternative forms

  • توفراغ (tofrağ, toṗrağ), توپراق (tofraq, toṗraq), تپراق (topraq), توپراغ (toprağ), تفراغ (tofrağ, toṗrağ), تفراق (tofraq, toṗraq)

Etymology

Inherited from Karakhanid تُبْراقْ (tuprʾq /⁠topraq⁠/), from Proto-Turkic *toprak

Cognates

Noun

توفراق (tofraq, toṗraq) (plural توفراق‌لار (tofraqlar, toṗraqlar), third-person possessive توفراغی (tofraği, toṗraği))

  1. earth, ground, soil, dirt
    Synonyms: تراب (türāb), خاک (xāk), گرد (gärd)
  2. dust
    Synonyms: غبار (ğübār), گرد (gärd), توز (toz), خاک (xāk)
  3. land, territory, region

Derived terms

  • توفراغلیغ (toṗrağliğ, “covered with dirt”)
  • توفراق بولماق (toṗraq bolmaq, “to die”)
  • توفراق دوبی (toṗraq dübi, “earthwork”)

Descendants

  • Uyghur: تۇپراق (tupraq)
  • Uzbek: tuproq

Further reading

click to expand
  • Bahawudun, Muhemmettursun, Gheyurani, Ghenizat, Qadir, Isma'il, Ehet, Ablimit (2002) “توفراق”, in چاغاتاي تىلىنىڭ ئىزاھلىق لۇغىتى [Explanatory Dictionary of the Chagatai Language]‎[1] (in Uyghur), Shinjang Xelq Neshriyati, →ISBN, page 170
  • el-Buhari, Süleyman Özbeki (1881) “توفراق”, in لغت چغتای و ترکی عثمانی [Ottoman Turkish-Chagatai Dictionary]‎[2] (in Ottoman Turkish), volume 1, page 122
  • Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870) “توفراق”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental [Eastern Turkic Dictionary]‎[3] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 238
  • Vámbery, Ármin (1867) “توفراق”, in Ćagataische sprachstudien‎[4] (in German), Leipzig, F. A. Brockhaus, page 264
  • Shaw, Robert Barkley (1880) “توفراق”, in “Turki-English vocabulary” (chapter 2), in A Sketch of the Turki Language as Spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Káshgar and Yarkand)‎[5], Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, page 78
  • Demir, Necati, Aydoğdu, Özkan (2015) Oğuzname [Kazan Nüshası]: inceleme - metin - dizin - tıpkıbasım [Oğuzname [Kazan Manuscript]: analysis - text - index - facsimile], Istanbul: Kesit Yayınları, page 345
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