خوش

See also: خوس, جوش, and حوش

Arabic

Verb

خَوَّشَ • (ḵawwaša) II (non-past يُخَوِّشُ (yuḵawwišu), verbal noun تَخْوِيش (taḵwīš))

  1. to countersink
  2. to ream

Conjugation

Conjugation of خَوَّشَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَخْوِيش)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر 		تَخْوِيش
taḵwīš
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل 		مُخَوِّش
muḵawwiš
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول 		مُخَوَّش
muḵawwaš
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m خَوَّشْتُ
ḵawwaštu 		خَوَّشْتَ
ḵawwašta 		خَوَّشَ
ḵawwaša 		خَوَّشْتُمَا
ḵawwaštumā 		خَوَّشَا
ḵawwašā 		خَوَّشْنَا
ḵawwašnā 		خَوَّشْتُمْ
ḵawwaštum 		خَوَّشُوا
ḵawwašū
f خَوَّشْتِ
ḵawwašti 		خَوَّشَتْ
ḵawwašat 		خَوَّشَتَا
ḵawwašatā 		خَوَّشْتُنَّ
ḵawwaštunna 		خَوَّشْنَ
ḵawwašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أُخَوِّشُ
ʔuḵawwišu 		تُخَوِّشُ
tuḵawwišu 		يُخَوِّشُ
yuḵawwišu 		تُخَوِّشَانِ
tuḵawwišāni 		يُخَوِّشَانِ
yuḵawwišāni 		نُخَوِّشُ
nuḵawwišu 		تُخَوِّشُونَ
tuḵawwišūna 		يُخَوِّشُونَ
yuḵawwišūna
f تُخَوِّشِينَ
tuḵawwišīna 		تُخَوِّشُ
tuḵawwišu 		تُخَوِّشَانِ
tuḵawwišāni 		تُخَوِّشْنَ
tuḵawwišna 		يُخَوِّشْنَ
yuḵawwišna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أُخَوِّشَ
ʔuḵawwiša 		تُخَوِّشَ
tuḵawwiša 		يُخَوِّشَ
yuḵawwiša 		تُخَوِّشَا
tuḵawwišā 		يُخَوِّشَا
yuḵawwišā 		نُخَوِّشَ
nuḵawwiša 		تُخَوِّشُوا
tuḵawwišū 		يُخَوِّشُوا
yuḵawwišū
f تُخَوِّشِي
tuḵawwišī 		تُخَوِّشَ
tuḵawwiša 		تُخَوِّشَا
tuḵawwišā 		تُخَوِّشْنَ
tuḵawwišna 		يُخَوِّشْنَ
yuḵawwišna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أُخَوِّشْ
ʔuḵawwiš 		تُخَوِّشْ
tuḵawwiš 		يُخَوِّشْ
yuḵawwiš 		تُخَوِّشَا
tuḵawwišā 		يُخَوِّشَا
yuḵawwišā 		نُخَوِّشْ
nuḵawwiš 		تُخَوِّشُوا
tuḵawwišū 		يُخَوِّشُوا
yuḵawwišū
f تُخَوِّشِي
tuḵawwišī 		تُخَوِّشْ
tuḵawwiš 		تُخَوِّشَا
tuḵawwišā 		تُخَوِّشْنَ
tuḵawwišna 		يُخَوِّشْنَ
yuḵawwišna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m خَوِّشْ
ḵawwiš 		خَوِّشَا
ḵawwišā 		خَوِّشُوا
ḵawwišū
f خَوِّشِي
ḵawwišī 		خَوِّشْنَ
ḵawwišna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m خُوِّشْتُ
ḵuwwištu 		خُوِّشْتَ
ḵuwwišta 		خُوِّشَ
ḵuwwiša 		خُوِّشْتُمَا
ḵuwwištumā 		خُوِّشَا
ḵuwwišā 		خُوِّشْنَا
ḵuwwišnā 		خُوِّشْتُمْ
ḵuwwištum 		خُوِّشُوا
ḵuwwišū
f خُوِّشْتِ
ḵuwwišti 		خُوِّشَتْ
ḵuwwišat 		خُوِّشَتَا
ḵuwwišatā 		خُوِّشْتُنَّ
ḵuwwištunna 		خُوِّشْنَ
ḵuwwišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أُخَوَّشُ
ʔuḵawwašu 		تُخَوَّشُ
tuḵawwašu 		يُخَوَّشُ
yuḵawwašu 		تُخَوَّشَانِ
tuḵawwašāni 		يُخَوَّشَانِ
yuḵawwašāni 		نُخَوَّشُ
nuḵawwašu 		تُخَوَّشُونَ
tuḵawwašūna 		يُخَوَّشُونَ
yuḵawwašūna
f تُخَوَّشِينَ
tuḵawwašīna 		تُخَوَّشُ
tuḵawwašu 		تُخَوَّشَانِ
tuḵawwašāni 		تُخَوَّشْنَ
tuḵawwašna 		يُخَوَّشْنَ
yuḵawwašna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أُخَوَّشَ
ʔuḵawwaša 		تُخَوَّشَ
tuḵawwaša 		يُخَوَّشَ
yuḵawwaša 		تُخَوَّشَا
tuḵawwašā 		يُخَوَّشَا
yuḵawwašā 		نُخَوَّشَ
nuḵawwaša 		تُخَوَّشُوا
tuḵawwašū 		يُخَوَّشُوا
yuḵawwašū
f تُخَوَّشِي
tuḵawwašī 		تُخَوَّشَ
tuḵawwaša 		تُخَوَّشَا
tuḵawwašā 		تُخَوَّشْنَ
tuḵawwašna 		يُخَوَّشْنَ
yuḵawwašna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أُخَوَّشْ
ʔuḵawwaš 		تُخَوَّشْ
tuḵawwaš 		يُخَوَّشْ
yuḵawwaš 		تُخَوَّشَا
tuḵawwašā 		يُخَوَّشَا
yuḵawwašā 		نُخَوَّشْ
nuḵawwaš 		تُخَوَّشُوا
tuḵawwašū 		يُخَوَّشُوا
yuḵawwašū
f تُخَوَّشِي
tuḵawwašī 		تُخَوَّشْ
tuḵawwaš 		تُخَوَّشَا
tuḵawwašā 		تُخَوَّشْنَ
tuḵawwašna 		يُخَوَّشْنَ
yuḵawwašna

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Persian خوش (xoš).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective

خوش • (ḵōš)

  1. (with a following noun) good, nice, pleasant.
    اهي خوش زوجة. ― ihya ḵōš zōja ― She’s a good wife.

Usage notes

  • This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Interjection

خوش • (ḵōš)

  1. nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.
    - بنروح المخيم باچر
    - خوش!     ― - We wanna go camping tomorrow.
    - Awesome!

Iraqi Arabic

Etymology

From Persian خوش (xoš).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

  1. (with a following noun) good; someone or something good
    هايه خوش سيارة ― hāya ḵōš sayyāra ― This is a good car.

Interjection

خوش (ḵōš)

  1. nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.

Usage notes

  • This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Synonyms

North Mesopotamian Arabic

Etymology

From Persian خوش (xoš).

Adjective

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

  1. (with a following noun) good; someone or something good
    هذي خوش سيارة ― haðiːḵōš səj.jɑː.rə ― This is a good car.

Usage notes

  • The sense is adjectival, but the construction is like that of a noun or pronoun.

Synonyms

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /⁠wxaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (weş), Southern Kurdish خوەش (xweş), Baluchi وش (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of وش (vaš).

The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr).[1][2] An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).[3][4][5]

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? xwaš
Dari reading? xuš, xōš
Iranian reading? xoš
Tajik reading? xuš
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Adjective

Dari خوش
Iranian Persian
Tajik хуш

خوش • (xoš) (comparative خوش‌تَر, superlative خوش‌تَرین)

  1. happy
  2. pleasant

Inflection

Predicative forms of خوش (xoš)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”) 		خوشم (xošam) خوشیم (xošim)
2nd person
(“you are”) 		خوشی (xoši) خوشید، خوشین△ (xošid, xošin△)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”) 		خوش است، خوشه△ (xoš ast, xoše△) خوشند، خوشن△ (xošand, xošan△)

△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Armenian: խոշ (xoš)
  • → Azerbaijani: xoş
  • → Gulf Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
  • → Bengali: খোশ (khōś)
  • → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)
    Urdu: خوش (xuś)
  • → Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)
  • → Marathi: खुश (khuś)
  • → North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ (xuś)
    Shahmukhi script: خُوش (xuś)
  • → Saraiki: خُوش (xūś)
  • → Turkish: hoş
  • → Uyghur: خۇش (xush)

References

  1. ^ Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000) “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204
  2. ^ Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132
  3. ^ Müller, Friedrich (1891) “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356
  4. ^ Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508
  5. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

Further reading

Saraiki

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خوش (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xʊʃ/

Adjective

خوش (xoś) (Devanagari ख़ुश)

  1. happy

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خوش (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation

Adjective

خوش • (xuś) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ुश)

  1. happy
  2. content

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

  • “خوش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “خوش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خوش”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.

Uyghur

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /χoʃ/

Interjection

خوش • (xosh)

  1. goodbye
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