عام

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ع و م (ʕ w m)
4 terms

Since this word competes with سَنَة (sana), عَام (ʕām) is suggested to be loaned from Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩣 (ʿm /⁠*ʿām⁠/, year). Compare Ge'ez ዓም (ʿam, year).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaːm/

Noun

عَام • (ʕāmm (plural أَعْوَام (ʔaʕwām))

  1. year
    Synonyms: سَنَة (sana), حَوْل (ḥawl)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:14-15:
      وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱلطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ فَأَنْجَيْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَ ٱلسَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ
      wa-laqad ʔarsalnā nūḥan ʔilā qawmihi fa-labiṯa fīhim ʔalfa sanatin ʔillā ḵamsīna ʕāman fa-ʔaḵaḏahumu ṭ-ṭūfānu wahum ẓālimūna fa-ʔanjaynāhu wa-ʔaṣḥāba s-safīnati wa-jaʕalnāhā ʔāyatan li-l-ʕālamīna
      And We certainly sent Noah to his people, and he remained among them nine hundred and fifty years, and the flood seized them while they were wrongdoers. But We saved him and the companions of the ship, and We made it a sign for the worlds.
  2. a period of twelve lunar months; lunar year
Declension
Declension of noun عَام (ʕām)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal عَام
ʕām
الْعَام
al-ʕām
عَام
ʕām
nominative عَامٌ
ʕāmun
الْعَامُ
al-ʕāmu
عَامُ
ʕāmu
accusative عَامًا
ʕāman
الْعَامَ
al-ʕāma
عَامَ
ʕāma
genitive عَامٍ
ʕāmin
الْعَامِ
al-ʕāmi
عَامِ
ʕāmi
dual indefinite definite construct
informal عَامَيْن
ʕāmayn
الْعَامَيْن
al-ʕāmayn
عَامَيْ
ʕāmay
nominative عَامَانِ
ʕāmāni
الْعَامَانِ
al-ʕāmāni
عَامَا
ʕāmā
accusative عَامَيْنِ
ʕāmayni
الْعَامَيْنِ
al-ʕāmayni
عَامَيْ
ʕāmay
genitive عَامَيْنِ
ʕāmayni
الْعَامَيْنِ
al-ʕāmayni
عَامَيْ
ʕāmay
plural basic broken plural triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal أَعْوَام
ʔaʕwām
الْأَعْوَام
al-ʔaʕwām
أَعْوَام
ʔaʕwām
nominative أَعْوَامٌ
ʔaʕwāmun
الْأَعْوَامُ
al-ʔaʕwāmu
أَعْوَامُ
ʔaʕwāmu
accusative أَعْوَامًا
ʔaʕwāman
الْأَعْوَامَ
al-ʔaʕwāma
أَعْوَامَ
ʔaʕwāma
genitive أَعْوَامٍ
ʔaʕwāmin
الْأَعْوَامِ
al-ʔaʕwāmi
أَعْوَامِ
ʔaʕwāmi
Descendants
  • Azerbaijani: am
  • Persian: عام ('âm)

Etymology 2

Root
ع م م (ʕ m m)
15 terms

Derived from the active participle of عَمَّ (ʕamma, to be general, to be common, to prevail) (cognate to Hebrew עַם (am, nation) and עֲמָמִי ('amamí, public)). Contamination from Parthian 𐫍𐫀𐫖 (hʾm /⁠hām-⁠/, same) or its Middle Iranian analogues such as engendering Old Armenian համ- (ham-, same, homo-; whole, pan-) is considered.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaːmm/

Adjective

عَامّ • (ʕāmm) (feminine عَامَّة (ʕāmma), elative أَعَمّ (ʔaʕamm))

  1. public
  2. prevalent, universal
  3. general
    • 2019 April 9, “نسبة التصويت 62%..العرب يسجلون نسبة منخفضة [Voter turnout is 62%... Arabs register a lower turnout.]”, in Maan News[1]:
      بلغت نسبة التصويت العامة في إسرائيل حتى الساعة الثامنة 62% وهي اقل 2.6% عن عام 2015.
      Voter turnout for the general population of Israel as of 8:00 reached 62%, which is 2.6% less than in the year 2015.
  4. common, ordinary
Declension
Declension of adjective عَامّ (ʕāmm)
singular masculine feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal عَامّ
ʕāmm
الْعَامّ
al-ʕāmm
عَامَّة
ʕāmma
الْعَامَّة
al-ʕāmma
nominative عَامٌّ
ʕāmmun
الْعَامُّ
al-ʕāmmu
عَامَّةٌ
ʕāmmatun
الْعَامَّةُ
al-ʕāmmatu
accusative عَامًّا
ʕāmman
الْعَامَّ
al-ʕāmma
عَامَّةً
ʕāmmatan
الْعَامَّةَ
al-ʕāmmata
genitive عَامٍّ
ʕāmmin
الْعَامِّ
al-ʕāmmi
عَامَّةٍ
ʕāmmatin
الْعَامَّةِ
al-ʕāmmati
dual masculine feminine
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal عَامَّيْن
ʕāmmayn
الْعَامَّيْن
al-ʕāmmayn
عَامَّتَيْن
ʕāmmatayn
الْعَامَّتَيْن
al-ʕāmmatayn
nominative عَامَّانِ
ʕāmmāni
الْعَامَّانِ
al-ʕāmmāni
عَامَّتَانِ
ʕāmmatāni
الْعَامَّتَانِ
al-ʕāmmatāni
accusative عَامَّيْنِ
ʕāmmayni
الْعَامَّيْنِ
al-ʕāmmayni
عَامَّتَيْنِ
ʕāmmatayni
الْعَامَّتَيْنِ
al-ʕāmmatayni
genitive عَامَّيْنِ
ʕāmmayni
الْعَامَّيْنِ
al-ʕāmmayni
عَامَّتَيْنِ
ʕāmmatayni
الْعَامَّتَيْنِ
al-ʕāmmatayni
plural masculine feminine
plural unknown sound feminine plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal ? ? عَامَّات
ʕāmmāt
الْعَامَّات
al-ʕāmmāt
nominative ? ? عَامَّاتٌ
ʕāmmātun
الْعَامَّاتُ
al-ʕāmmātu
accusative ? ? عَامَّاتٍ
ʕāmmātin
الْعَامَّاتِ
al-ʕāmmāti
genitive ? ? عَامَّاتٍ
ʕāmmātin
الْعَامَّاتِ
al-ʕāmmāti
Descendants

Etymology 3

Root
ع و م (ʕ w m)
4 terms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaː.ma/

Verb

عَامَ • (ʕāma) I (non-past يَعُومُ (yaʕūmu), verbal noun عَوْم (ʕawm))

  1. to float
    Synonym: طَفَا (ṭafā)
  2. to swim
    Synonym: سَبَحَ (sabaḥa)
Conjugation
Conjugation of عَامَ (I, hollow, a ~ u, no passive, verbal noun عَوْم)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
عَوْم
ʕawm
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
عَائِم
ʕāʔim
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m عُمْتُ
ʕumtu
عُمْتَ
ʕumta
عَامَ
ʕāma
عُمْتُمَا
ʕumtumā
عَامَا
ʕāmā
عُمْنَا
ʕumnā
عُمْتُمْ
ʕumtum
عَامُوا
ʕāmū
f عُمْتِ
ʕumti
عَامَتْ
ʕāmat
عَامَتَا
ʕāmatā
عُمْتُنَّ
ʕumtunna
عُمْنَ
ʕumna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَعُومُ
ʔaʕūmu
تَعُومُ
taʕūmu
يَعُومُ
yaʕūmu
تَعُومَانِ
taʕūmāni
يَعُومَانِ
yaʕūmāni
نَعُومُ
naʕūmu
تَعُومُونَ
taʕūmūna
يَعُومُونَ
yaʕūmūna
f تَعُومِينَ
taʕūmīna
تَعُومُ
taʕūmu
تَعُومَانِ
taʕūmāni
تَعُمْنَ
taʕumna
يَعُمْنَ
yaʕumna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَعُومَ
ʔaʕūma
تَعُومَ
taʕūma
يَعُومَ
yaʕūma
تَعُومَا
taʕūmā
يَعُومَا
yaʕūmā
نَعُومَ
naʕūma
تَعُومُوا
taʕūmū
يَعُومُوا
yaʕūmū
f تَعُومِي
taʕūmī
تَعُومَ
taʕūma
تَعُومَا
taʕūmā
تَعُمْنَ
taʕumna
يَعُمْنَ
yaʕumna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَعُمْ
ʔaʕum
تَعُمْ
taʕum
يَعُمْ
yaʕum
تَعُومَا
taʕūmā
يَعُومَا
yaʕūmā
نَعُمْ
naʕum
تَعُومُوا
taʕūmū
يَعُومُوا
yaʕūmū
f تَعُومِي
taʕūmī
تَعُمْ
taʕum
تَعُومَا
taʕūmā
تَعُمْنَ
taʕumna
يَعُمْنَ
yaʕumna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m عُمْ
ʕum
عُومَا
ʕūmā
عُومُوا
ʕūmū
f عُومِي
ʕūmī
عُمْنَ
ʕumna

References

  • Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “عوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2202b.
  • Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009) “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 174, claims contamination from a Parthian **hām (winter; year), a word he seemingly made up, since no descendant of Proto-Iranian *jimáh (winter) could come close.
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “عم, عوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 751, 771
  • Weninger, Stefan (2009) “Der Jemen als lexikalisches Ausstrahlungszentrum in der Antike”, in Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra. Analecta Semitica in memoriam Alexander Sima[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz, →ISBN, page 399 Nr. 1

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ع و م
2 terms

From Arabic عَام (ʕām).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaːm/

Noun

عام • (ʕāmm (dual عامين (ʕāmayn), plural أعوام (ʔaʕwām))

  1. year
    Synonym: سنة (sana)

Etymology 2

Root
ع و م
2 terms

From Arabic عَامَ (ʕāma).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaːm/

Verb

عام • (ʕām) I (non-past يعوم (yʕūm))

  1. (intransitive) to swim
Conjugation
Conjugation of عام
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عمت (ʕumt) عمتي (ʕumti) عام (ʕām) عمنا (ʕumna) عمتوا (ʕumtu) عاموا (ʕāmu)
f عامت (ʕāmet)
non-past m نعوم (nʕūm) تعوم (tʕūm) يعوم (yʕūm) نعوموا (nʕūmu) تعوموا (tʕūmu) يعوموا (yʕūmu)
f تعومي (tʕūmi) تعوم (tʕūm)
imperative m عوم (ʕūm) عوموا (ʕūmu)
f عومي (ʕūmi)

Etymology 3

Root
ع م م
1 term

From Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaːmː/

Adjective

عام • (ʕāmm) (feminine عامة (ʕāmma), masculine plural عامين (ʕāmmīn), feminine plural عامات (ʕāmmāt), elative أعم (ʔaʕamm))

  1. public
  2. prevalent, universal
  3. general
  4. common, ordinary

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَام (ʕām).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? ām
Dari reading? ām
Iranian reading? âm
Tajik reading? om

Noun

عام • ('âm) (plural اعوام (a'vâm))

  1. year
    Synonyms: سال (sâl), سنه (sane)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? āmm
Dari reading? āmm
Iranian reading? âmm
Tajik reading? omm

Adjective

عامّ • (âmm) (plural عوام)

  1. common
  2. general
Alternative forms

Further reading

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عام”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عامّ ('āmm), Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).

Pronunciation

Adjective

عام • ('ām) (Hindi spelling आम)

  1. common
  2. ordinary
  3. general
  4. universal

Derived terms

Further reading

  • عام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • عام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “عام”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.