جو
Arabic
Pronunciation
Noun
جَوّ • (jaww) m (dual جَوَّانِ (jawwāni), plural أَجْوَاء (ʔajwāʔ) or جِوَاء (jiwāʔ))
- air (the apparently open space above the ground)
- weather
- atmosphere
- (figurative) atmosphere (apparent mood)
- wide valley
- open pasture-ground
- interior of a house
- Antonym: بَرّ (barr)
- hall
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | جَوّ jaww |
الْجَوّ al-jaww |
جَوّ jaww |
| nominative | جَوٌّ jawwun |
الْجَوُّ al-jawwu |
جَوُّ jawwu |
| accusative | جَوًّا jawwan |
الْجَوَّ al-jawwa |
جَوَّ jawwa |
| genitive | جَوٍّ jawwin |
الْجَوِّ al-jawwi |
جَوِّ jawwi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | جَوَّيْن jawwayn |
الْجَوَّيْن al-jawwayn |
جَوَّيْ jawway |
| nominative | جَوَّانِ jawwāni |
الْجَوَّانِ al-jawwāni |
جَوَّا jawwā |
| accusative | جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni |
الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni |
جَوَّيْ jawway |
| genitive | جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni |
الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni |
جَوَّيْ jawway |
| plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَجْوَاء; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ; jiwāʔ |
الْأَجْوَاء; الْجِوَاء al-ʔajwāʔ; al-jiwāʔ |
أَجْوَاء; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ; jiwāʔ |
| nominative | أَجْوَاءٌ; جِوَاءٌ ʔajwāʔun; jiwāʔun |
الْأَجْوَاءُ; الْجِوَاءُ al-ʔajwāʔu; al-jiwāʔu |
أَجْوَاءُ; جِوَاءُ ʔajwāʔu; jiwāʔu |
| accusative | أَجْوَاءً; جِوَاءً ʔajwāʔan; jiwāʔan |
الْأَجْوَاءَ; الْجِوَاءَ al-ʔajwāʔa; al-jiwāʔa |
أَجْوَاءَ; جِوَاءَ ʔajwāʔa; jiwāʔa |
| genitive | أَجْوَاءٍ; جِوَاءٍ ʔajwāʔin; jiwāʔin |
الْأَجْوَاءِ; الْجِوَاءِ al-ʔajwāʔi; al-jiwāʔi |
أَجْوَاءِ; جِوَاءِ ʔajwāʔi; jiwāʔi |
Derived terms
- جَوِّيّ (jawwiyy)
- جَوَّانِيّ (jawwāniyy)
- جَوّ الْيَمَامَة (jaww al-yamāma, “Al-Yamama (ancient district in Saudi Arabia)”)
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جو”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
Baluchi
Noun
جو • (joho)
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /jaw/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒaw/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒäw]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒow]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒäw]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | jaw |
| Dari reading? | jaw |
| Iranian reading? | jow |
| Tajik reading? | jav |
Noun
| Dari | جو |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ҷав |
جو • (jow)
Etymology 2
From Middle Persian [script needed] (joi) or Middle Persian [script needed] (yoi), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎻𐎹𐎠 (yauviya), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw(i)yā́ (“stream, canal”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish co and Sanskrit यव्या (yavyā).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒoː/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒoː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒuː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒɵ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | jō |
| Dari reading? | jō |
| Iranian reading? | ju |
| Tajik reading? | jü |
Noun
جو • (ju)
Alternative forms
- جوی (juy)
- جوغ (juġ) (dialectal, Isfahan, southwestern Fars)
- جوق (juq) (dialectal, Abadan)
- جوب (jub) (dialectal)
Etymology 3
From Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, environment”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒaww/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒæv(ː)]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | jaww |
| Dari reading? | jaww |
| Iranian reading? | javv |
| Tajik reading? | javv |
Noun
جو • (javv)
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒoː/, /ˈd͡ʒuː/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒuː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒɵ], [d͡ʒu]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | jō, jū |
| Dari reading? | jō, jū |
| Iranian reading? | ju |
| Tajik reading? | jü, ju |
Verb
جو • (ju)
- present stem form of جستن (jostan), suffixed form indicating "seeker"/"seeking"
Derived terms
Sindhi
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑo]
Preposition
جو • (jo) (Devanagari जो)
- of; genitive case marker
References
- Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “جو”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
- Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “جو”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ج و و |
| 2 terms |
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
جوّ • (jaww) m (plural أجواء (ʔajwāʔ))
- air
- Synonym: هوا (hawa)
- atmosphere
- weather
- Synonym: طقس (ṭaʔs)
Ternate
Noun
جو
References
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
Urdu
Etymology
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄 (jo), from Sanskrit यः (yáḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d͡ʒoː/
- Rhymes: -oː
- Hyphenation: جو
Noun
جو • (jo) m or f by sense (Hindi spelling जो)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | جو (jo) | جے (je (obsolete)) |
| indirect | جِس (jis) | جِن (jin) |
| ergative | جِس نے (jis ne) | جِنھوں نے (jinhõ ne) |
| genitive | جِس کا (jis kā) | جِن کا (jin kā) |
| dative | جِسے, جِس کو (jise, jis ko) | جِنِہیں, جِن کو (jinhẽ, jin ko) |
See also
- Appendix:Urdu correlatives
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 601
Further reading
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “جو”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “جو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “جو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- “جو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- John Shakespear (1834) “جو”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
- “جو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.