चपाती
Hindi
Etymology
From Prakrit *चप्प-त्त- (cappa-tta-, “flat”), चप्पइ (cappaï, “to press”). See there for more. Compare Sanskrit चर्पटी (carpaṭī, “lying flat”), पर्पट (parpaṭa) (whence Hindi पापड़ (pāpaṛ)).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃə.pɑː.t̪iː/, [t͡ʃɐ.päː.t̪iː]
Noun
चपाती • (capātī) f (Urdu spelling چپاتی)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | चपाती capātī |
चपातियाँ capātiyā̃ |
| oblique | चपाती capātī |
चपातियों capātiyõ |
| vocative | चपाती capātī |
चपातियो capātiyo |
Descendants
- → English: chapati
- → Kannada: ಚಪಾತಿ (capāti)
- → Malay: capati
- → Marathi: चपाती (capātī)
- → Tamil: சப்பாத்தி (cappātti)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*carpa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Colin P. Masica (1979) “Aryan and non-Aryan elements in North Indian agriculture”, in M. Deshpande and P. E. Hook, editors, Aryan and Non-Aryan in India[1], Ann Arbor: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, pages 55–151
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Hindi चपाती (capātī), ultimately derived from Sanskrit *चर्प (*carpa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ɕə.pa.t̪i/, [t͡ɕə.pa.t̪iː]
Noun
चपाती • (capātī) f
- chapati; unleavened flatbread made from wholewheat flour
Declension
| Declension of चपाती (fem ī-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
चपाती capātī | ||
| direct plural |
चपात्या capātyā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
चपाती capātī |
चपात्या capātyā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
चपाती capātī |
चपात्यां- capātyān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
चपातीला capātīlā |
चपात्यांना capātyānnā | |
| ergative | चपातीने, चपातीनं capātīne, capātīna |
चपात्यांनी capātyānnī | |
| instrumental | चपातीशी capātīśī |
चपात्यांशी capātyānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
चपातीत capātīt |
चपात्यांत capātyāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
चपाती capātī |
चपात्यांनो capātyānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of चपाती (fem ī-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
चपातीचा capātīċā |
चपातीचे capātīċe |
चपातीची capātīcī |
चपातीच्या capātīcā |
चपातीचे, चपातीचं capātīċe, capātīċa |
चपातीची capātīcī |
चपातीच्या capātīcā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
चपात्यांचा capātyānċā |
चपात्यांचे capātyānċe |
चपात्यांची capātyāñcī |
चपात्यांच्या capātyāncā |
चपात्यांचे, चपात्यांचं capātyānċe, capātyānċa |
चपात्यांची capātyāñcī |
चपात्यांच्या capātyāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “चपाती”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “चपाती”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies