धूम
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱuːm/, [d̪ʱũːm]
- Rhymes: -uːm
Etymology 1
From an unattested Sanskrit *धुन्मन् (*dhunman, “noise”), from Sanskrit धुनि (dhuni, “roaring, sounding”).[1]
Noun
धूम • (dhūm) m (Urdu spelling دھوم)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | धूम dhūm |
धूम dhūm |
| oblique | धूम dhūm |
धूमों dhūmõ |
| vocative | धूम dhūm |
धूमो dhūmo |
Derived terms
- धूम-धाम (dhūm-dhām)
- धूम-धड़क्का (dhūm-dhaṛakkā)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Sanskrit धूम (dhūma). Doublet of धुआँ (dhuā̃).
Noun
धूम • (dhūm) m (Urdu spelling دھوم)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | धूम dhūm |
धूम dhūm |
| oblique | धूम dhūm |
धूमों dhūmõ |
| vocative | धूम dhūm |
धूमो dhūmo |
Synonyms
- धुआँ (dhuā̃)
Derived terms
- धूमकेतु (dhūmketu)
- धूमपट (dhūmpaṭ)
- धूमपोत (dhūmpot)
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*dhunman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
धूम m
- Devanagari script form of dhūma (“smoke”)
Declension
Declension table of "धूम" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | धूमो (dhūmo) | धूमा (dhūmā) |
| Accusative (second) | धूमं (dhūmaṃ) | धूमे (dhūme) |
| Instrumental (third) | धूमेन (dhūmena) | धूमेहि (dhūmehi) or धूमेभि (dhūmebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | धूमस्स (dhūmassa) or धूमाय (dhūmāya) or धूमत्थं (dhūmatthaṃ) | धूमानं (dhūmānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | धूमस्मा (dhūmasmā) or धूमम्हा (dhūmamhā) or धूमा (dhūmā) | धूमेहि (dhūmehi) or धूमेभि (dhūmebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | धूमस्स (dhūmassa) | धूमानं (dhūmānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | धूमस्मिं (dhūmasmiṃ) or धूमम्हि (dhūmamhi) or धूमे (dhūme) | धूमेसु (dhūmesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | धूम (dhūma) | धूमा (dhūmā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ধূম (Assamese script)
- ᬥᬹᬫ (Balinese script)
- ধূম (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰳𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ဓူမ (Burmese script)
- ધૂમ (Gujarati script)
- ਧੂਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌧𑍂𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦣꦹꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂡𑂴𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಧೂಮ (Kannada script)
- ធូម (Khmer script)
- ຘູມ (Lao script)
- ധൂമ (Malayalam script)
- ᢡᡠᡠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘠𑘴𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᠤᠤᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧀𑧕𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑐹𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଧୂମ (Odia script)
- ꢤꢹꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑆷𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖳𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ධූම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩮𑩒𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚜𑚱𑚢 (Takri script)
- தூ⁴ம (Tamil script)
- ధూమ (Telugu script)
- ธูม (Thai script)
- དྷཱུ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑒴𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨜𑨃𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰuHmás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós), Latin fūmus, Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /dʱuː.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪ʱuː.mɐ/
Noun
धूम • (dhūmá) stem, m
- smoke, vapor, mist
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.164.43:
- श॒क॒मयं॑ धू॒मम्आ॒राद॑पश्यं विषू॒वता॑ प॒र ए॒नाव॑रेण।
उ॒क्षाणं॒ पृश्नि॑मपचन्त वी॒रास्तानि॒ धर्मा॑णि प्रथ॒मान्या॑सन्॥- śakamáyaṃ dhūmámārā́dapaśyaṃ viṣūvátā pará enā́vareṇa.
ukṣā́ṇaṃ pṛ́śnimapacanta vīrā́stā́ni dhármāṇi prathamā́nyāsan. - I saw from far away the smoke of fuel with spires that rose on high over that beneath it.
The Mighty Men have dressed the spotted bullock. These were the customs in the days aforetime
- śakamáyaṃ dhūmámārā́dapaśyaṃ viṣūvátā pará enā́vareṇa.
- श॒क॒मयं॑ धू॒मम्आ॒राद॑पश्यं विषू॒वता॑ प॒र ए॒नाव॑रेण।
- 600 CE, Uttararāmacarita (Rama's Last Act), Prelude to act III:
- अनेन पञ्चवटी दर्शनेन अन्तर्लीनस्य दुःखाग्नेर् अद्योद्दामं ज्वलिष्यतः।
उत्पीड इव धूमस्य मोहः प्रागावृनोति माम्॥- anena pañcavaṭī darśanena antarlīnasya duḥkhāgner adyoddāmaṃ jvaliṣyataḥ.
utpīḍa iva dhūmasya mohaḥ prāgāvṛnoti mām. - The sight of Panchavati rekindles now the fire of sorrow that had long been dormant in my heart but first, like a dense pall of smoke, a delirium envelops me.
- anena pañcavaṭī darśanena antarlīnasya duḥkhāgner adyoddāmaṃ jvaliṣyataḥ.
- अनेन पञ्चवटी दर्शनेन अन्तर्लीनस्य दुःखाग्नेर् अद्योद्दामं ज्वलिष्यतः।
- smoke as a sternutatory (in 5 forms): a place prepared for the building of a house (Jyot.)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | धूमः (dhūmáḥ) | धूमौ (dhūmaú) धूमा¹ (dhūmā́¹) |
धूमाः (dhūmā́ḥ) धूमासः¹ (dhūmā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | धूमम् (dhūmám) | धूमौ (dhūmaú) धूमा¹ (dhūmā́¹) |
धूमान् (dhūmā́n) |
| instrumental | धूमेन (dhūména) | धूमाभ्याम् (dhūmā́bhyām) | धूमैः (dhūmaíḥ) धूमेभिः¹ (dhūmébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | धूमाय (dhūmā́ya) | धूमाभ्याम् (dhūmā́bhyām) | धूमेभ्यः (dhūmébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | धूमात् (dhūmā́t) | धूमाभ्याम् (dhūmā́bhyām) | धूमेभ्यः (dhūmébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | धूमस्य (dhūmásya) | धूमयोः (dhūmáyoḥ) | धूमानाम् (dhūmā́nām) |
| locative | धूमे (dhūmé) | धूमयोः (dhūmáyoḥ) | धूमेषु (dhūméṣu) |
| vocative | धूम (dhū́ma) | धूमौ (dhū́mau) धूमा¹ (dhū́mā¹) |
धूमाः (dhū́māḥ) धूमासः¹ (dhū́māsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Borrowed terms
Descendants
- Pali: dhūma
- Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (dum)
- Domaaki: [script needed] (dūm)
- Kalami: [script needed] (dum)
- Grangali: [script needed] (dum)
- Kalasha: thum (thum)
- Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (dūm)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhūm)
- Shina: [script needed] (dum)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (dūm)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (dhung)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dum)
- Kashmiri: دٕہ (dụh)
- Prakrit: 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūma)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: ધૂમ (dhūm)
- Romani: thuv
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “धूम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0518.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhūmá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press