भूत

See also: भीति, भृति, भींत, and भाति

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूत (bhūta, “become, been, past; any being, spirit, demon”).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /bʱuːt̪/

Noun

भूत • (bhūt) m (Urdu spelling بھوت)

ghost, spirit
(figurative) an ugly man

Declension

Declension of *भूत* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	भूत bhūt	भूत bhūt
oblique	भूत bhūt	भूतों bhūtõ
vocative	भूत bhūt	भूतो bhūto

Synonyms

(ghost): प्रेत (pret)
पिशाच (piśāc, “flesh eating demons”)
वेताल (vetāl, “spirits inhabiting corpses and charnel ground”)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhūtá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

Noun

भूत • (bhūt) m (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)

ghost

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूत (bhūta). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘥𑘳𑘝 (bhuta).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bʱut̪/, [bʱuːt̪]
Hyphenation: भूत
Rhymes: -ut̪

Noun

भूत • (bhūt) n

ghost, spirit
a common term for the five basic elements
(grammar) a suffix (for been, become, entered into and standing in the state of.)

Declension

Declension of भूत (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	भूत bhūt
direct plural	भूते, भूतं bhūte, bhūta
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	भूत bhūt	भूते, भूतं bhūte, bhūta
oblique सामान्यरूप	भूता bhūtā	भूतां- bhūtān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	भूताला bhūtālā	भूतांना bhūtānnā
ergative	भूताने, भूतानं bhūtāne, bhūtāna	भूतांनी bhūtānnī
instrumental	भूताशी bhūtāśī	भूतांशी bhūtānśī
locative सप्तमी	भूतात bhūtāt	भूतांत bhūtāt
vocative संबोधन	भूता bhūtā	भूतांनो bhūtānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of भूत (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	भूताचा bhūtāċā	भूताचे bhūtāċe	भूताची bhūtācī	भूताच्या bhūtācā	भूताचे, भूताचं bhūtāċe, bhūtāċa	भूताची bhūtācī	भूताच्या bhūtācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	भूतांचा bhūtānċā	भूतांचे bhūtānċe	भूतांची bhūtāñcī	भूतांच्या bhūtāncā	भूतांचे, भूतांचं bhūtānċe, bhūtānċa	भूतांची bhūtāñcī	भूतांच्या bhūtāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “भूत”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “भूत”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “भूत”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

bhūta (Latin script)
𑀪𑀽𑀢 (Brahmi script)
ভূত (Bengali script)
භූත (Sinhalese script)
ဘူတ or ꧤူတ (Burmese script)
ภูต or ภูตะ (Thai script)
ᨽᩪᨲ (Tai Tham script)
ຠູຕ or ຠູຕະ or ພູຕະ (Lao script)
ភូត (Khmer script)
𑄞𑄫𑄖 (Chakma script)

Adjective

भूत

Devanagari script form of bhūta (“genuine”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतो (bhūto)	भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूते (bhūte)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूता (bhūtā)

Declension table of "भूता" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूता (bhūtā)	भूतायो (bhūtāyo) or भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतायो (bhūtāyo) or भूता (bhūtā)
Instrumental (third)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूताहि (bhūtāhi) or भूताभि (bhūtābhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूताहि (bhūtāhi) or भूताभि (bhūtābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतायं (bhūtāyaṃ)	भूतासु (bhūtāsu)
Vocative (calling)	भूते (bhūte)	भूतायो (bhūtāyo) or भूता (bhūtā)

Declension table of "भूत" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)

Noun

भूत m

Devanagari script form of bhūta (“beings”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूते (bhūte)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूता (bhūtā)

Noun

भूत n

Devanagari script form of bhūta (“nature”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Accusative (second)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)

Noun

भूत m

Devanagari script form of bhūta (“supernatural being”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतो (bhūto)	भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूते (bhūte)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूता (bhūtā)

Noun

भूत n

Devanagari script form of bhūta (“truth”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ভূত (Assamese script)
ᬪᬹᬢ (Balinese script)
ভূত (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰳𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑀽𑀢 (Brahmi script)
ဘူတ (Burmese script)
ભૂત (Gujarati script)
ਭੂਤ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑍂𑌤 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦹꦠ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑂴𑂞 (Kaithi script)
ಭೂತ (Kannada script)
ភូត (Khmer script)
ຠູຕ (Lao script)
ഭൂത (Malayalam script)
ᢨᡠᡠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘴𑘝 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠤᠤᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧕𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑐹𑐟 (Newa script)
ଭୂତ (Odia script)
ꢩꢹꢡ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑆷𑆠 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖳𑖝 (Siddham script)
භූත (Sinhalese script)
𑩳𑩒𑩛𑩫 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚱𑚙 (Takri script)
பூ⁴த (Tamil script)
భూత (Telugu script)
ภูต (Thai script)
བྷཱུ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑒴𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑨃𑨊𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuHtás

Sanskrit भूत (bhūta)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuHtás (“become, been”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-tó-s, past participle of *bʰuH- (“to be”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬙𐬀 (būta, “become, been”), Old Irish both (“been”), Ancient Greek φῠτός (phŭtós), Lithuanian būtas. The Sanskrit root is भू (bhū).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱuː.tɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bʱuː.t̪ɐ/

Participle

भूत • (bhūtá)

past participle of भू (bhū); been

Adjective

भूत • (bhūtá) stem

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of भूत
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	भूतः (bhūtáḥ)	भूतौ (bhūtaú) भूता¹ (bhūtā́¹)	भूताः (bhūtā́ḥ) भूतासः¹ (bhūtā́saḥ¹)
accusative	भूतम् (bhūtám)	भूतौ (bhūtaú) भूता¹ (bhūtā́¹)	भूतान् (bhūtā́n)
instrumental	भूतेन (bhūténa)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूतैः (bhūtaíḥ) भूतेभिः¹ (bhūtébhiḥ¹)
dative	भूताय (bhūtā́ya)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूतेभ्यः (bhūtébhyaḥ)
ablative	भूतात् (bhūtā́t)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूतेभ्यः (bhūtébhyaḥ)
genitive	भूतस्य (bhūtásya)	भूतयोः (bhūtáyoḥ)	भूतानाम् (bhūtā́nām)
locative	भूते (bhūté)	भूतयोः (bhūtáyoḥ)	भूतेषु (bhūtéṣu)
vocative	भूत (bhū́ta)	भूतौ (bhū́tau) भूता¹ (bhū́tā¹)	भूताः (bhū́tāḥ) भूतासः¹ (bhū́tāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of भूता
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	भूता (bhūtā́)	भूते (bhūté)	भूताः (bhūtā́ḥ)
accusative	भूताम् (bhūtā́m)	भूते (bhūté)	भूताः (bhūtā́ḥ)
instrumental	भूतया (bhūtáyā) भूता¹ (bhūtā́¹)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूताभिः (bhūtā́bhiḥ)
dative	भूतायै (bhūtā́yai)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूताभ्यः (bhūtā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	भूतायाः (bhūtā́yāḥ) भूतायै² (bhūtā́yai²)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूताभ्यः (bhūtā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	भूतायाः (bhūtā́yāḥ) भूतायै² (bhūtā́yai²)	भूतयोः (bhūtáyoḥ)	भूतानाम् (bhūtā́nām)
locative	भूतायाम् (bhūtā́yām)	भूतयोः (bhūtáyoḥ)	भूतासु (bhūtā́su)
vocative	भूते (bhū́te)	भूते (bhū́te)	भूताः (bhū́tāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of भूत
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	भूतम् (bhūtám)	भूते (bhūté)	भूतानि (bhūtā́ni) भूता¹ (bhūtā́¹)
accusative	भूतम् (bhūtám)	भूते (bhūté)	भूतानि (bhūtā́ni) भूता¹ (bhūtā́¹)
instrumental	भूतेन (bhūténa)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूतैः (bhūtaíḥ) भूतेभिः¹ (bhūtébhiḥ¹)
dative	भूताय (bhūtā́ya)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूतेभ्यः (bhūtébhyaḥ)
ablative	भूतात् (bhūtā́t)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtā́bhyām)	भूतेभ्यः (bhūtébhyaḥ)
genitive	भूतस्य (bhūtásya)	भूतयोः (bhūtáyoḥ)	भूतानाम् (bhūtā́nām)
locative	भूते (bhūté)	भूतयोः (bhūtáyoḥ)	भूतेषु (bhūtéṣu)
vocative	भूत (bhū́ta)	भूते (bhū́te)	भूतानि (bhū́tāni) भूता¹ (bhū́tā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

भूतकाल (bhūtakāla)

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀪𑀼𑀢 (*bhuta /⁠bhūta⁠/), *𑀳𑀼𑀢 (*huta /⁠hūta⁠/) (attested in compounds)
- Prakrit:
  Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀽𑀤 (bhūda)
  
  Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀽𑀅 (hūa)
  
  Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀨𑀽𑀢 (phūta)
  
  Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀪𑀽𑀤 (bhūda)
  - Hindi: हुआ (huā)
Gandhari: 𐨧𐨂𐨡 (bhuda)
Pali: bhūta

Noun

भूत • (bhūtá) stem, n

living being, anything that is or exists
the world
"that which has been (in the past)"; a ghost of a dead person, a spirit
demon, imp, goblin

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of भूत
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	भूतम् (bhūtam)	भूते (bhūte)	भूतानि (bhūtāni) भूता¹ (bhūtā¹)
accusative	भूतम् (bhūtam)	भूते (bhūte)	भूतानि (bhūtāni) भूता¹ (bhūtā¹)
instrumental	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtābhyām)	भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) भूतेभिः¹ (bhūtebhiḥ¹)
dative	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtābhyām)	भूतेभ्यः (bhūtebhyaḥ)
ablative	भूतात् (bhūtāt)	भूताभ्याम् (bhūtābhyām)	भूतेभ्यः (bhūtebhyaḥ)
genitive	भूतस्य (bhūtasya)	भूतयोः (bhūtayoḥ)	भूतानाम् (bhūtānām)
locative	भूते (bhūte)	भूतयोः (bhūtayoḥ)	भूतेषु (bhūteṣu)
vocative	भूत (bhūta)	भूते (bhūte)	भूतानि (bhūtāni) भूता¹ (bhūtā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

भूतपति (bhūtapáti)

Descendants

Pali: bhūta
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑀽𑀅 (bhūa)
- Bengali: ভুয়া (bhuẏa)
→ Assamese: ভূত (bhut)
→ Bengali: ভূত (bhut)
→ Gujarati: ભૂત (bhūt)
→ Hindi: भूत (bhūt)
→ Kannada: ಭೂತ (bhūta)
→ Konkani: भूत (bhūt)
→ Malay: bota
- > Indonesian: bota (inherited)
→ Marathi: भूत (bhūt)
→ Odia: ଭୂତ (bhuta)
→ Old Javanese: bhūta
- > Javanese: ꦧꦸꦠ (buta) (inherited)
  - → Indonesian: buta
- → Balinese: ᬪᬹᬢ (buta)
→ Santali: ᱵᱷᱩᱛ (bhut)
→ Tamil: பூதம் (pūtam)
→ Telugu: భూతం (bhūtaṁ)
→ Thai: ภูต (pûut)
→ Urdu: بھوت (bhūt)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “भूत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 761/3.