रस

See also: रस्, रूस, रीस, रसा, रूसी, and रुसी

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit रस (rasa)

Prakrit 𑀭𑀲 (rasa)

Hindi रस (ras)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit रस (rasa), from Sanskrit रस (rása). Doublet of रसम (rasam). Related to आलस (ālas, “laze”).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɾəs/, [ɾɐs]
Rhymes: -əs

Noun

रस • (ras) m (Urdu spelling رس)

gravy, soup, broth
juice; any liquid
savour, taste
(formal) essence
(literature, drama, dance) rasa: an emotion evoked by literature, drama, or dance

Declension

Declension of रस (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	रस ras	रस ras
oblique	रस ras	रसों rasõ
vocative	रस ras	रसो raso

Related terms

अरस (aras)
आमरस (āmras)
उरस (uras)
गोरस (goras)
निरसा (nirsā)
रसगुल्ला (rasgullā)
रसम (rasam)
रसमलाई (rasamlāī)
रसा (rasā)
रसाना (rasānā)
रसायन (rasāyan, “chemical”)
रसाल (rasāl)
रसिक (rasik)
रसिका (rasikā)
रसिया (rasiyā)
रसी (rasī)
रसीला (rasīlā)
रसोई (rasoī, “kitchen”)
विरस (viras)
सरस (saras)
सरसाई (sarsāī)

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “रस”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884) “रस”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Konkani

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रस (rasa).

Noun

रस • (ras) m (Latin script ros, Kannada script ರಸ್)

gravy
juice

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘨𑘭 (rasa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀭𑀲 (rasa), from Sanskrit रस (rasa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾəs/

Noun

रस • (ras) m

juice; any liquid
आंब्याचा रस मला खूप आवडतो.
āmbyācā ras malā khūp āvaḍto.
I really like mango juice.
savour, taste
(formal) essence
(literature, drama, dance) rasa: an emotion evoked by literature, drama, or dance
interest
Synonym: रुची (rucī)

मला खेळण्यात मुळीच रस नाही आहे.
malā kheḷaṇyāt muḷīc ras nāhī āhe.
I have no interest in playing.

Declension

Declension of रस (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	रस ras
direct plural	रस ras
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	रस ras	रस ras
oblique सामान्यरूप	रसा rasā	रसां- rasān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	रसाला rasālā	रसांना rasānnā
ergative	रसाने, रसानं rasāne, rasāna	रसांनी rasānnī
instrumental	रसाशी rasāśī	रसांशी rasānśī
locative सप्तमी	रसात rasāt	रसांत rasāt
vocative संबोधन	रसा rasā	रसांनो rasānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of रस (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	रसाचा rasāċā	रसाचे rasāċe	रसाची rasācī	रसाच्या rasācā	रसाचे, रसाचं rasāċe, rasāċa	रसाची rasācī	रसाच्या rasācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	रसांचा rasānċā	रसांचे rasānċe	रसांची rasāñcī	रसांच्या rasāncā	रसांचे, रसांचं rasānċe, rasānċa	रसांची rasāñcī	रसांच्या rasāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

रसनेंद्रिय (rasnendriy)
रसभरित (rasabhrit)
रसायन (rasāyan)
रसाळ (rasāḷ)
रसिक (rasik)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “रस”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “रस”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Nepali

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀲 (rasa), from Sanskrit रस (rása).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [rʌs]
Phonetic Devanagari: रस्

Noun

रस • (ras)

juice

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rása”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

rasa (Latin script)
𑀭𑀲 (Brahmi script)
রস (Bengali script)
රස (Sinhalese script)
ရသ (Burmese script)
รส or ระสะ (Thai script)
ᩁᩈ (Tai Tham script)
ຣສ or ຣະສະ (Lao script)
រស (Khmer script)
𑄢𑄥 (Chakma script)

Noun

रस m

Devanagari script form of rasa (“taste”)

Declension

Declension table of "रस" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	रसो (raso)	रसा (rasā)
Accusative (second)	रसं (rasaṃ)	रसे (rase)
Instrumental (third)	रसेन (rasena) or रससा (rasasā)	रसेहि (rasehi) or रसेभि (rasebhi)
Dative (fourth)	रसस्स (rasassa) or रसाय (rasāya) or रसत्थं (rasatthaṃ)	रसानं (rasānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	रसस्मा (rasasmā) or रसम्हा (rasamhā) or रसा (rasā)	रसेहि (rasehi) or रसेभि (rasebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	रसस्स (rasassa)	रसानं (rasānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	रसस्मिं (rasasmiṃ) or रसम्हि (rasamhi) or रसे (rase)	रसेसु (rasesu)
Vocative (calling)	रस (rasa)	रसा (rasā)

Prakrit

Noun

रस (rasa) m (Kannada ರಸ) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)

Devanagari script form of 𑀭𑀲 (“juice”)

Declension

Maharastri declension of रस (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	रसो (raso)	रसा (rasā)
Accusative	रसं (rasaṃ)	रसे (rase) or रसा (rasā)
Instrumental	रसेण (raseṇa) or रसेणं (raseṇaṃ)	रसेहि (rasehi) or रसेहिं (rasehiṃ)
Dative	रसाअ (rasāa)	—
Ablative	रसाओ (rasāo) or रसाउ (rasāu) or रसा (rasā) or रसाहि (rasāhi) or रसाहिंतो (rasāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	रसस्स (rasassa)	रसाण (rasāṇa) or रसाणं (rasāṇaṃ)
Locative	रसम्मि (rasammi) or रसे (rase)	रसेसु (rasesu) or रसेसुं (rasesuṃ)
Vocative	रस (rasa) or रसा (rasā)	रसा (rasā)

Sauraseni declension of रस (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	रसो (raso)	रसा (rasā)
Accusative	रसं (rasaṃ)	रसे (rase)
Instrumental	रसेण (raseṇa)	रसेहिं (rasehiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	रसादो (rasādo)	—
Genitive	रसस्स (rasassa)	रसाणं (rasāṇaṃ)
Locative	रसे (rase)	रसेसु (rasesu) or रसेसुं (rasesuṃ)
Vocative	रस (rasa)	रसा (rasā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৰস (Assamese script)
ᬭᬲ (Balinese script)
রস (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑀲 (Brahmi script)
ရသ (Burmese script)
રસ (Gujarati script)
ਰਸ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌰𑌸 (Grantha script)
ꦫꦱ (Javanese script)
𑂩𑂮 (Kaithi script)
ರಸ (Kannada script)
រស (Khmer script)
ຣສ (Lao script)
രസ (Malayalam script)
ᡵᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘨𑘭 (Modi script)
ᠷᠠᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧈𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑐳 (Newa script)
ରସ (Odia script)
ꢬꢱ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆱 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖭 (Siddham script)
රස (Sinhalese script)
𑩼𑪁 (Soyombo script)
𑚤𑚨 (Takri script)
ரஸ (Tamil script)
రస (Telugu script)
รส (Thai script)
ར་ས (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
𑨫𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrásas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrásas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hres-. The Sanskrit root is रस् (ras). Compare Latin rōs, Lithuanian rasà. Possibly influenced by the closely related रसा f (rásā, found in compounds as a final member), which overlaps in meaning; see also रसा (rasā́).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ́.sɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ.s̪ɐ/

Noun

रस • (rása) stem, m

(literally) the sap or juice of plants and fruits
1. (in some contexts) vital bodily fluids, blood; semen
fluid, liquid
the best or finest or strongest part of anything
1. essence, (figurative) bloom
taste or the organ of taste
relish or inclination for, desire of
any object of taste or enjoyment
pleasure, charm, beauty
feeling, sentiment, affection
style, character

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रस
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रसः (rásaḥ)	रसौ (rásau) रसा¹ (rásā¹)	रसाः (rásāḥ) रसासः¹ (rásāsaḥ¹)
accusative	रसम् (rásam)	रसौ (rásau) रसा¹ (rásā¹)	रसान् (rásān)
instrumental	रसेन (rásena)	रसाभ्याम् (rásābhyām)	रसैः (rásaiḥ) रसेभिः¹ (rásebhiḥ¹)
dative	रसाय (rásāya)	रसाभ्याम् (rásābhyām)	रसेभ्यः (rásebhyaḥ)
ablative	रसात् (rásāt)	रसाभ्याम् (rásābhyām)	रसेभ्यः (rásebhyaḥ)
genitive	रसस्य (rásasya)	रसयोः (rásayoḥ)	रसानाम् (rásānām)
locative	रसे (ráse)	रसयोः (rásayoḥ)	रसेषु (ráseṣu)
vocative	रस (rása)	रसौ (rásau) रसा¹ (rásā¹)	रसाः (rásāḥ) रसासः¹ (rásāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

अरस (arasa)
आलस्य (ālasya)
ज्योतीरस (jyotīrasa)

Descendants

→ English: rasa
→ Konkani: (learned)
- Devanagari script: रस (ras)
- Kannada script: ರಸ್ (ras)
- Latin script: ros
→ Old Javanese: rasa (learned)
- Javanese: ꦫꦱ (rasa)
- → Balinese: ᬭᬲ, ᬭᬲ (rasa, “taste”); ᬭᬵᬣ (rasa, “love”)
Pali: rasa
- → Burmese: ရသ (ra.sa.) (learned)
- → Khmer: រស (rŭəh) (learned)
- → Lao: ລົດ (lot, “flavour”) (learned)
- → Lü: ᦷᦟᧆ (lod) (learned)
- → Malay: rasa (learned)
  - Indonesian: rasa
- → Thai: รส (rót) (learned)
Prakrit: रस (rasa)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: रस (ras)
  - Urdu: رس
- Marathi: रस (ras)
- Nepali: रस (ras)
- Punjabi: ਰਸ (ras)
→ Malayalam: രസം (rasaṁ)
→ Tamil: ரசம் (racam)
- → English: rasam
→ Telugu: రసము (rasamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “रस”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 869/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 441-2
Cappeller, Carl 1891: A Sanskrit-English dictionary, Strassburg.

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rása”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[1]