शुद्ध

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha), from the root verb शुध् (śudh, “to become pure or purified”). Doublet of सुध (sudh) and सूधा (sūdhā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃʊd̪d̪ʱ/, [ʃʊd̪(ː)ʱ]

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شُدّھ)

pure, unpolluted
Synonyms: ख़ालिस (xālis), मुक़द्दस (muqaddas), पावन (pāvan), पुण्य (puṇya)

शुद्ध सोना बहुत महंगा है।
śuddh sonā bahut mahaṅgā hai.
Pure gold is very expensive.

परम-शुद्ध पानी मिलने कठिन है।
param-śuddh pānī milne kaṭhin hai.
It is difficult to find absolutely pure water.
correct
Synonym: सही (sahī)

समस्या सुलझाने लिए यह पद्धति शुद्ध नहीं है।
samasyā suljhāne lie yah paddhati śuddh nahī̃ hai.
This is not the correct method for solving the problem.

तुम्हारा उच्चारण शुद्ध है।
tumhārā uccāraṇ śuddh hai.
Your pronunciation is correct.
net
आज का शुद्ध लाभ क्या था?
āj kā śuddh lābh kyā thā?
What was the net profit for today?
(of language) high-register; making use of Sanskrit loanwords
Antonym: ठेठ (ṭheṭh)

शुद्ध हिंदी ― śuddh hindī ― Sanskritized Hindi
(Indian classical music, of ragas) original, to distinguish the raga from other varieties bearing the same name
शुद्ध मल्हार, शुद्ध कल्याण ― śuddh malhār, śuddh kalyāṇ
(Indian classical music, of notes) the natural pitch of a note, to distinguish from the other flavors of that same note
शुद्ध निषाद ― śuddh niṣād

Antonyms

अशुद्ध (aśuddh)

Derived terms

शुद्ध करना (śuddh karnā, “to purify”)

Related terms

अशुद्ध (aśuddh)
अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
अशुद्धि (aśuddhi)
परिशुद्ध (pariśuddh)
परिशुद्धि (pariśuddhi)
शुद्धता (śuddhatā)
शुद्धाद्वैत (śuddhādvait)
शुद्धि (śuddhi)
शुद्धिकरण (śuddhikraṇ)
शुद्धिकारक (śuddhikārak)
शुद्धिपत्र (śuddhipatra)
शुद्धिवादी (śuddhivādī)
शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शुद्ध”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

From Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha). Cognate with Bengali শুদ্ধ (śuddho), Gujarati શુદ્ધ (śuddh), Hindi शुद्ध (śuddh), Nepali शुद्ध (śuddha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɕud̪.d̪ʱə/

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddha)

pure; clear; clean
हे पाणी शुद्ध आहे.
he pāṇī śuddha āhe.
This water is pure.
true; blameless; acquitted
right; free from error; faultless
accurate
simple; unmixed

Derived terms

जलशुद्धीकरण (jalśuddhīkraṇ, “water purification”)
शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ, “purification”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

শুদ্ধ (Assamese script)
ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
শুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
ၐုဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
શુદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ੁਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
ಶುದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
ឝុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
ຨຸທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
ശുദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
ᡧᡠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
ᠱᠤᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
ꢯꢸꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
ශුද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
ஶுத்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
శుద్ధ (Telugu script)
ศุทฺธ (Thai script)
ཤུ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

शुध् (śudh) +‎ -त (-tá).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕud.dʱɐ́/, [ɕud̚.dʱɐ́]
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕud̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ɕud̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

Participle

शुद्ध • (śuddhá) past passive participle (root शुध्)

past passive participle of शुध् (śudh); purified

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddhá) stem

pure; clear; clean
- c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1:
  क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।
  kleśagatiṃ ca gacchati prakṛtipariśuddhaś ca bhavaty atyantāsaṃkliṣṭaḥ.
  He goes the way of kleśa (mental afflictions), and meanwhile he is naturally, fully pure, without the least bit of tarnish.
true; blameless; acquitted
right; free from error; faultless
accurate
simple; unmixed

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शुद्ध
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शुद्धः (śuddháḥ)	शुद्धौ (śuddhaú) शुद्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)	शुद्धाः (śuddhā́ḥ) शुद्धासः¹ (śuddhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	शुद्धम् (śuddhám)	शुद्धौ (śuddhaú) शुद्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)	शुद्धान् (śuddhā́n)
instrumental	शुद्धेन (śuddhéna)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धैः (śuddhaíḥ) शुद्धेभिः¹ (śuddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	शुद्धाय (śuddhā́ya)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धेभ्यः (śuddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	शुद्धात् (śuddhā́t)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धेभ्यः (śuddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	शुद्धस्य (śuddhásya)	शुद्धयोः (śuddháyoḥ)	शुद्धानाम् (śuddhā́nām)
locative	शुद्धे (śuddhé)	शुद्धयोः (śuddháyoḥ)	शुद्धेषु (śuddhéṣu)
vocative	शुद्ध (śúddha)	शुद्धौ (śúddhau) शुद्धा¹ (śúddhā¹)	शुद्धाः (śúddhāḥ) शुद्धासः¹ (śúddhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शुद्धा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शुद्धा (śuddhā́)	शुद्धे (śuddhé)	शुद्धाः (śuddhā́ḥ)
accusative	शुद्धाम् (śuddhā́m)	शुद्धे (śuddhé)	शुद्धाः (śuddhā́ḥ)
instrumental	शुद्धया (śuddháyā) शुद्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धाभिः (śuddhā́bhiḥ)
dative	शुद्धायै (śuddhā́yai)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धाभ्यः (śuddhā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	शुद्धायाः (śuddhā́yāḥ) शुद्धायै² (śuddhā́yai²)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धाभ्यः (śuddhā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	शुद्धायाः (śuddhā́yāḥ) शुद्धायै² (śuddhā́yai²)	शुद्धयोः (śuddháyoḥ)	शुद्धानाम् (śuddhā́nām)
locative	शुद्धायाम् (śuddhā́yām)	शुद्धयोः (śuddháyoḥ)	शुद्धासु (śuddhā́su)
vocative	शुद्धे (śúddhe)	शुद्धे (śúddhe)	शुद्धाः (śúddhāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शुद्ध
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शुद्धम् (śuddhám)	शुद्धे (śuddhé)	शुद्धानि (śuddhā́ni) शुद्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)
accusative	शुद्धम् (śuddhám)	शुद्धे (śuddhé)	शुद्धानि (śuddhā́ni) शुद्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)
instrumental	शुद्धेन (śuddhéna)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धैः (śuddhaíḥ) शुद्धेभिः¹ (śuddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	शुद्धाय (śuddhā́ya)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धेभ्यः (śuddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	शुद्धात् (śuddhā́t)	शुद्धाभ्याम् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शुद्धेभ्यः (śuddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	शुद्धस्य (śuddhásya)	शुद्धयोः (śuddháyoḥ)	शुद्धानाम् (śuddhā́nām)
locative	शुद्धे (śuddhé)	शुद्धयोः (śuddháyoḥ)	शुद्धेषु (śuddhéṣu)
vocative	शुद्ध (śúddha)	शुद्धे (śúddhe)	शुद्धानि (śúddhāni) शुद्धा¹ (śúddhā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

अशुद्ध (aśuddha)
अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
परिशुद्ध (pariśuddha)
शुद्धता (śuddhatā)

Related terms

शुद्धि (śuddhi)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: họ̆du
  Arabic script: ہۄادُ
  
  Devanagari script: हौदु
  
  Sharada script: 𑆲𑆿𑆢𑆶
Pali: suddha
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (suddha)
- Central:
  - Hindustani: sudh, sūdhā, sudhnā
    - Hindi: सुध, सूधा, सुधना
    - Urdu: سُدھ, سُودھا, سُدھنا
  - Romani: šudžo
- Eastern:
  - Assamese: শুধ (xudho), শুদা (xuda)
  - Middle Bengali: শুধ (śudho)
    - Bengali: শুধু (śudhu)
  - Odia: ଶୁଧାଇବା (śudhāibā)
- Northern:
  - Central Pahari:
    - Kumaoni: सुदो (sudo)
  - Eastern Pahari:
    - Nepali: सुधो (sudho)
- Northwestern:
  - Punjabi: suddhā
    Gurmukhi script: ਸੁੱਧਾ
    
    Shahmukhi script: سُدّھا
  - Sindhi: sūdho
    Arabic script: سُوڌو
    
    Devanagari script: सूधो
- Southern:
  - Dhivehi: ހުދު (hudu)
  - Marathi: सुधा (sudhā), सुदा (sudā)
  - Sinhalese: සුදු (sudu), හුදු (hudu)
- Western:
  - Marwari: सूधो (sūdho)
  - Old Gujarati: सूध (sūdha), सूधउ (sūdhaü)
    - Gujarati: સૂધું (sūdhũ)

Learned borrowings

→ Hindi: शुद्ध (śuddh)
→ Kannada: ಶುದ್ಧ (śuddha)
→ Malayalam: ശുദ്ധം (śuddhaṁ)
→ Marathi: शुद्ध (śuddha)
→ Old Javanese: śuddha
- Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢ (suda, “to decrease, to diminish”), ꦱꦸꦝꦃ (sudhah, “to unload, to unpack”)
- → Balinese: ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ→ᬰᬸᬥ (suda, “pure, honourable (mind), righteous; clean, holy; cure”)
→ Tamil: சுத்தம் (cuttam)

References

Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शुद्ध”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
Monier Williams (1899) “Ṡuddhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1082/1.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śuddha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press