सेना
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /seː.nɑː/, [seː.näː]
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).
Noun
सेना • (senā) f (Urdu spelling سینا)
- army, military, body of troops
- Synonym: फ़ौज (fauj)
- शत्रु ने दोनों सेनाओं को हरा दिया।
- śatru ne donõ senāõ ko harā diyā.
- The enemy defeated both the armies.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | सेना senā |
सेनाएँ senāẽ |
| oblique | सेना senā |
सेनाओं senāõ |
| vocative | सेना senā |
सेनाओ senāo |
Synonyms
- फ़ौज (fauj)
Derived terms
- प्रधान सेनापति (pradhān senāpati)
- सेनाग्र (senāgra)
- सेनादार (senādār)
- सेनाधिपति (senādhipati)
- सेनापति (senāpati)
- सैनिक (sainik)
- सैन्य (sainya)
- सैन्य-दल (sainya-dal)
- सैन्यवाद (sainyavād)
- सैन्यीकरण (sainyīkaraṇ)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀡 (seṇṇa, “soldier, army”), from Sanskrit सैन्य (sainya, “soldier”), a vṛddhi derivative of सेना (senā, “army”), for which see the above entry.
Noun
सेना • (senā) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | सेना senā |
सेने sene |
| oblique | सेने sene |
सेनों senõ |
| vocative | सेने sene |
सेनो seno |
Related terms
- सेनानी (senānī, “commander”)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सेना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /se.na/
- Hyphenation: से‧ना
- Rhymes: -a
Noun
सेना • (senā) f
- army
- (informal) military
- Synonyms: सशस्त्र सेना (saśastra senā), सैन्य (sainya)
Declension
| Declension of सेना (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
सेना senā | ||
| direct plural |
सेना senā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
सेना senā |
सेना senā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
सेने sene |
सेनां- senān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
सेनेला senelā |
सेनांना senānnā | |
| ergative | सेनेने, सेनेनं senene, senena |
सेनांनी senānnī | |
| instrumental | सेनेशी seneśī |
सेनांशी senānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
सेनेत senet |
सेनांत senāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
सेने sene |
सेनांनो senānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of सेना (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
सेनेचा seneċā |
सेनेचे seneċe |
सेनेची senecī |
सेनेच्या senecā |
सेनेचे, सेनेचं seneċe, seneċa |
सेनेची senecī |
सेनेच्या senecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
सेनांचा senānċā |
सेनांचे senānċe |
सेनांची senāñcī |
सेनांच्या senāncā |
सेनांचे, सेनांचं senānċe, senānċa |
सेनांची senāñcī |
सेनांच्या senāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- सेनांग (senāṅga)
- सेनापती (senāptī)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “सेना”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “सेना”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
सेना f
- Devanagari script form of senā (“army”)
Declension
Declension table of "सेना" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | सेना (senā) | सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā) |
| Accusative (second) | सेनं (senaṃ) | सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā) |
| Instrumental (third) | सेनाय (senāya) | सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | सेनाय (senāya) | सेनानं (senānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | सेनाय (senāya) | सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | सेनाय (senāya) | सेनानं (senānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | सेनाय (senāya) or सेनायं (senāyaṃ) | सेनासु (senāsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | सेने (sene) | सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- सेन (sena) — at the end of a compound
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সেনা (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬾᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
- সেনা (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰸𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- သေနာ (Burmese script)
- સેના (Gujarati script)
- ਸੇਨਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍇𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦺꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂵𑂢𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಸೇನಾ (Kannada script)
- សេនា (Khmer script)
- ເສນາ (Lao script)
- സേനാ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᡝᠨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠧᠨᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧚𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐾𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
- ସେନା (Odia script)
- ꢱꢾꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆼𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖸𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
- සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩔𑩯𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚲𑚝𑚭 (Takri script)
- ஸேநா (Tamil script)
- సేనా (Telugu script)
- เสนา (Thai script)
- སེ་ནཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒹𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨄𑨝𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáynaH (“army”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (haēnā, “hostile army”), Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎴𐎠 (h-i-n-a /hainā/, “hostile army”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ́j.nɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪eː.n̪ɑː/
Noun
सेना • (sénā) stem, f
- an army, armament, battle-array, armed force
- missile, dart, spear
- name of Indra's wife (or his thunderbolt so personified)
- any drilled troop or band or body of men (Bālar.)
- a kind of title or addition to the names of persons (also names of courtezans) (Sāh.; compare Pāṇ. 4-1, 152 etc.)
- name of a courtesan (abridged from कुबेरसेना (kubera-senā)) (HPariś.)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सेना (sénā) | सेने (séne) | सेनाः (sénāḥ) |
| accusative | सेनाम् (sénām) | सेने (séne) | सेनाः (sénāḥ) |
| instrumental | सेनया (sénayā) सेना¹ (sénā¹) |
सेनाभ्याम् (sénābhyām) | सेनाभिः (sénābhiḥ) |
| dative | सेनायै (sénāyai) | सेनाभ्याम् (sénābhyām) | सेनाभ्यः (sénābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सेनायाः (sénāyāḥ) सेनायै² (sénāyai²) |
सेनाभ्याम् (sénābhyām) | सेनाभ्यः (sénābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सेनायाः (sénāyāḥ) सेनायै² (sénāyai²) |
सेनयोः (sénayoḥ) | सेनानाम् (sénānām) |
| locative | सेनायाम् (sénāyām) | सेनयोः (sénayoḥ) | सेनासु (sénāsu) |
| vocative | सेने (séne) | सेने (séne) | सेनाः (sénāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀸 (seṇā)
- Pali: senā
- → Hindi: सेना (senā)
- → Bengali: সেনা (śena)
- → Marathi: सेना (senā)
- → Kannada: ಸೇನೆ (sēne)
- → Malayalam: സേന (sēna)
- → Indonesian: sena
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਸੈਨਾ (sainā)
- Shahmukhi script: سينا (sainā)
- → Old Tamil: 𑀘𑁂𑀷𑁃 (cēṉai)
- Tamil: சேனை (cēṉai)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “सेना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1246.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “sénā- sebhu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 746