ḏbꜣ

See also: dbꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈcʼaːbaʀ/ → /ˈtʼaːbaʀ/ → /ˈtʼaːbəʕ/ → /ˈtʼoːβəʕ/

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to take (someone else’s seat in a boat) [Pyramid Texts]
  2. (transitive) to replace (something) (+ m: with (something else))
  3. (transitive, mathematics) to convert (a value) (+ m: to)
  4. (transitive) to stand in for, to substitute for (someone) [Greco-Roman Period]
  5. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to buy (something) [since the New Kingdom]
  6. (transitive) to repay, to reward, to requite (good or evil deeds) (+ n: of (someone); + m: with)
  7. (transitive) to punish (enemies) (+ m or ḥr: for) [chiefly Greco-Roman Period]
  8. (transitive) to change into (clothes) (+ n: to change (someone) into (some clothes)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
  9. (transitive) to dress or adorn (someone) (+ m: with, in) [since the Pyramid Texts]
  10. (transitive, of a person) to be supplied, provided, or armed with [since the 18th Dynasty]
  11. (transitive) to supply (a place or building) (+ m: with) [Greco-Roman Period]
  12. (transitive) to block up (+ m: with)
  13. (intransitive) to be(come) adorned (+ m: with)

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏbꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜣ, geminated stem: ḏbꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏbꜣ
 ḏbꜣw, ḏbꜣ
 ḏbꜣt
 ḏbꜣ
 ḏbꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏbꜣ
 ḥr ḏbꜣ
 m ḏbꜣ
 r ḏbꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏbꜣ.n
 ḏbꜣw, ḏbꜣ
 consecutive ḏbꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏbꜣt
perfective3 ḏbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḏbꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏbꜣ
 ḏbꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 ḏbꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏbꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜣ
 ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣw5, ḏbꜣy5
imperfective ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣy, ḏbꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣj6, ḏbꜣy6
 ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣw5
prospective ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣtj7
 — ḏbꜣtj4, ḏbꜣt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜣ  
ḏbꜣ dbꜣ
in sense ‘block up’

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲃⲉ (touoube)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃ (tōb)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲓ (tōōbi)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

References

  1. ^ Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 211
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