ὅπου

See also: όπου

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ὅκου (hókou) — Ionic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷos +‎ -ου (-ou).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hó.puː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)o.pu/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pu/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pu/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pu/

Adverb

ὅπου • (hópou) (relative, interrogative, and demonstrative adverb)

where
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 403E
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 415D, (compare Herodotus, Histories 2.172)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.4.27
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 517
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 287
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1301
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.129
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 342E
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 403C
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.5
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 12
1. (in indirect questions)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.16, (compare 16.306)
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 924
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.119
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 40, (compare Ajax 1237)
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.1.37
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.6.6
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 214
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.150
2. (extended senses)
  1. (of time or occasion)
    - 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 922, (compare 999)
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 582
  2. (of manner) by which, that
    - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 448
    - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1069
    - 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 186
  3. (of cause) whereas
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.68
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.195
    - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 112.17
    - 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 205
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.118
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.11
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 4.7.3
(Koine demonstrative adverb)
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.427C

Descendants

Greek: όπου (ópou)

type	interrogative	indefinite	demonstrative			relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial)	proximal	distal	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	τίς	τις, ἔνιοι	†ὁ, οὗτος	ὅδε	ἐκεῖνος	ὅς	ὅστις	ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός	ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual	πότερος	πότερος, ποτερός				ὁπότερος
quality	ποῖος	ποιός	†τοῖος, τοιοῦτος	τοιόσδε		οἷος	ὁποῖος	ὅμοιος	ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity	πόσος	ποσός	†τόσος, τοσοῦτος	τοσόσδε		ὅσος	ὁπόσος
manner	πῶς	πως	†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως	ὧδε		ὡς	ὅπως	ὁμῶς	ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method, path, place	πῇ	πῃ	τῇ, ταύτῃ	τῇδε	ἐκείνῃ	ᾗ	ὅπῃ		ἄλλῃ
place	ποῦ, †πόθι	που, †ποθι	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε	ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι	οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι	ὅπου, †ὁπόθι	αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ	ἄλλοθι
source	πόθεν	ποθεν, ἁμόθεν	†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν	ἐνθένδε	ἐκεῖθεν	ὅθεν	ὁπόθεν	†ὁμόθεν	ἄλλοθεν
destination	ποῖ, †πόσε	ποι	ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο	ἐκεῖσε	οἷ	ὅποι, †ὁπόσε	αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε	ἄλλοσε
time	πότε, πῆμος	ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε	τότε, τῆμος	τημόσδε		ὅτε, ἦμος	ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος	ἅμα	ἄλλοτε
exact time	πηνίκα		†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα	τηνικάδε		ἡνίκα	ὁπηνίκα	αὐτίκα
duration of time			τέως			ἕως
size, age	πηλίκος	πηλίκος	†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος	τηλικόσδε		ἡλίκος	ὁπηλίκος	ὁμῆλιξ
repetition	ποσάκις, ποσίνδα	ποσάκις	τουτάκις, τοσάκις			†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις	ὁποσάκις
multiplication	ποσαπλάσιος					ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order	πόστος	ποστός					ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Descendants

See also

Further reading