仆

See also: 僕 and 사

仆	U+4EC6, 仆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC6

← 仅
[U+4EC5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

仇 →
[U+4EC7]

Translingual

Japanese	仆/僕
Simplified	仆/仆
Traditional	仆/僕

Han character

Stroke order

仆 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人卜 (OY), four-corner 2320₀, composition ⿰亻卜)

Derived characters

𢪗, 𱥸, 𥾾, 𱐸, 𦬙, 䇚, 𨳢

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 354
Dae Jaweon: page 193, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 108, character 3
Unihan data for U+4EC6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		仆
alternative forms		扑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仆
Small seal script s05870
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (卜) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
仆	pʰoːɡs, pʰus, pʰoɡs, bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
赴	*pʰoɡs
訃	*pʰoɡs
朴	*pʰroːɡ
圤	*pʰroːɡ
卜	*poːɡ
鳪	*poːɡ
扑	*pʰoːɡ
攴	pʰoːɡ, pʰroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰoːɡs, *pʰus, *pʰoɡs, *bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ): semantic 人 + phonetic 卜 (OC *poːɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pū, fù (pu¹, fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨ, ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁶ / puk¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phuk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): porh⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phak
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pheu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pū
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pu
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu¹
  - Yale: pū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pu
  - Palladius: пу (pu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fu⁶ / puk¹
  - Yale: fuh / pūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶ / puk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶ / pug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/, /pʰʊk̚⁵/

Note:

fu6 - literary;
puk1 - colloquial.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: pug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰuk̚²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: porh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: po̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: porh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phak
  - Tâi-lô: phak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phag
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰak̚³²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵pheu
  - MiniDict: pheu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pheu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰɤ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: phjuH, phjuwH, phuwH, bok

Rime
Character	仆	仆	仆	仆
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	尤 (136)	侯 (137)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I	I
Fanqie	芳遇切	敷救切	匹候切	蒲北切
Baxter	phjuH	phjuwH	phuwH	bok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨo^H/	/pʰɨu^H/	/pʰəu^H/	/bək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰio^H/	/pʰiu^H/	/pʰəu^H/	/bək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰio^H/	/pʰiəu^H/	/pʰəu^H/	/bək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuə̆^H/	/pʰuw^H/	/pʰəw^H/	/bək̚/
Li Rong	/pʰio^H/	/pʰiu^H/	/pʰu^H/	/bək̚/
Wang Li	/pʰĭu^H/	/pʰĭəu^H/	/pʰəu^H/	/bək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯u^H/	/pʰi̯ə̯u^H/	/pʰə̯u^H/	/bʱək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fù	fòu	pòu	bó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu³	fau³	pau³	bak⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ(r)ok-s/, /*pʰok-s/, /*pʰˤ(r)ok-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰoːɡs/, /*pʰus/, /*pʰoɡs/, /*bɯːɡ/, /*pʰoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仆	仆	仆
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pū	pū	pū
Middle Chinese	‹ phju^H ›	‹ phjuw^H ›	‹ phuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰ(r)ok-s/	/*pʰok-s/	/*pʰˁ(r)ok-s/
English	fall prostrate	fall prostrate	fall prostrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仆	仆	仆	仆	仆
Reading #	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
No.	990	991	994	997	1002
Phonetic component	卜	卜	卜	卜	卜
Rime group	候	幽	竇	職	屋
Rime subdivision	0	1	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		副	赴	菔	扑
Old Chinese	/*pʰoːɡs/	/*pʰus/	/*pʰoɡs/	/*bɯːɡ/	/*pʰoːɡ/

Definitions

仆

to fall forward
to lie prostrate; prone

Compounds

一仆一碌
仆地 (pūde)
仆然
仆街
偃仆
僵仆
前仆後繼 / 前仆后继 (qiánpūhòujì)
前仆後起
屢仆屢起 / 屡仆屡起
攧攧仆仆
此仆彼起
顛仆

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 仆 – see 僕 (“servant; slave; I; me; your humble servant; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 僕).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “仆”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 179.

Japanese

Kanji

仆

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ふ (fu)、ぼく (boku)
Kan-on: ふ (fu)、ほく (hoku)
Kun: たおれる (taoreru, 仆れる)

Korean

Hanja

仆 (eum 부 (bu))

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Vietnamese

Han character

仆: Hán Nôm readings: bộc, phó

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