俗語

See also: 俗语

Chinese

		vulgar	speech; language; dialect speech; language; dialect; tell to
trad. (俗語)		俗	語
simp. (俗语)		俗	语

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): súyǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˊ ㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk⁶ jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siu̍k-ngî
Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆-ngṳ̌
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k-gú / sio̍k-gír / sio̍k-gí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: súyǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˊ ㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: súyǔ
  - Wade–Giles: su²-yü³
  - Yale: sú-yǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: swuyeu
  - Palladius: суюй (sujuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: súyǔr
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˊ ㄩˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: súyǔr
  - Wade–Giles: su²-yü³-ʼrh
  - Yale: sú-yǔr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: swuyeuel
  - Palladius: суюйр (sujujr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su³⁵ yə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zuk⁶ jyu⁵
  - Yale: juhk yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁹ jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug⁶ yu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚² jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siu̍k-ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiug ngi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiug⁶ ngi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /si̯uk̚⁵ ŋi²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆-ngṳ̌
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy²⁴ ŋy²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-gú
  - Tâi-lô: sio̍k-gú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siogguo
  - IPA (Tainan): /siɔk̚⁴⁻¹ ɡu⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-gír
  - Tâi-lô: sio̍k-gír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚²⁴⁻² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-gí
  - Tâi-lô: sio̍k-gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioggie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

Middle Chinese: zjowk ngjoX

Rime
Character	俗	語
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	似足切	魚巨切
Baxter	zjowk	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨok̚/	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ziok̚/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ziok̚/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zuawk̚/	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ziok̚/	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/zĭwok̚/	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯wok̚/	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sú	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zuk⁶	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[ɢ]ok ŋ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ljoɡ ŋaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	俗	語
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sú	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ zjowk ›	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[ɢ]ok/	/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English	ways, customs; vulgar	speak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俗	語
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	4302	13159
Phonetic component	谷	五
Rime group	屋	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	續	語
Old Chinese	/*ljoɡ/	/*ŋaʔ/

Noun

俗語

common saying; adage

Synonyms

edit

俗話 / 俗话 (súhuà)
俗語話 / 俗语话 (sṳ̆k-ngṳ̄-uâ) (Eastern Min, Hokkien)
常言 (chángyán)
恆言 / 恒言 (héngyán) (literary)

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
俗	語
ぞく Grade: S	ご Grade: 2
goon

Compound of 俗 (zoku, “common, vulgar”) +‎ 語 (go, “word, term, language”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぞくご [zòkúgó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [d͡zo̞kɯ̟ɡo̞]

Noun

俗(ぞく)語(ご) • (zokugo)

common language (as opposed to literary or poetic language); vernacular; colloquialism
an informal language used outside of standard usage; slang
Synonym: スラング (surangu)
a proverb
(Buddhism) a secular language used by the common people
early modern spoken Chinese

Usage notes

俗語 (zokugo) is used for slang that is in widespread use (and also interchangeably used with スラング (surangu)), while 隠語 (ingo) is used for slang restricted to a certain group, i.e. a cant or argot.

References

^ Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai-ni-han Henshū I'inkai (日本国語大辞典第二版編集委員会) (2001-2002) 日本国語大辞典　第二版 [Unabridged Japanese Dictionary: Second Edition], Tokyo (東京都): Shōgakukan (小学館), →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Noun

俗語 • (sogeo) (hangeul 속어)

hanja form^? of 속어 (“slang”)

Vietnamese

Noun

俗語

chữ Hán form of tục ngữ (“proverb”)

[NKD2P-1] Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai-ni-han Henshū I'inkai (日本国語大辞典第二版編集委員会) (2001-2002) 日本国語大辞典　第二版 [Unabridged Japanese Dictionary: Second Edition], Tokyo (東京都): Shōgakukan (小学館), →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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