凜

See also: 凛

凜	U+51DC, 凜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51DC

← 凛
[U+51DB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凝 →
[U+51DD]

凜	U+F954, 凜 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F954

← 肋
[U+F953]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

凌 →
[U+F955]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

凜 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 戈一卜田木 (IMYWD), four-corner 3019₁, composition ⿰冫稟)

shiver with cold or fear
fearful

References

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 133, character 44
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1717
Dae Jaweon: page 298, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 301, character 13
Unihan data for U+51DC

Unihan data for U+F954

Chinese

trad.		凜
simp.		凛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (禀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
燷	*b·ruːm
壈	*b·ruːmʔ
燣	*b·ruːmʔ
顲	b·ruːmʔ, b·ruːms, *b·rumʔ
稟	*prɯmʔ
廩	*b·rɯmʔ
懍	*b·rɯmʔ
凜	b·rɯmʔ, ɡrɯm
癛	*b·rɯmʔ
檁	*b·rɯmʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǐn (lin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): līng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lím

(Teochew, Peng'im): lim²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶lin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐn
  - Wade–Giles: lin³
  - Yale: lǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liin
  - Palladius: линь (linʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lam⁵
  - Yale: láhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐm¹³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: līng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
  - Tâi-lô: lím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liem
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lim²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lím
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lim⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁶lin
  - MiniDict: lin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lin²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /liŋ¹¹³/

Middle Chinese: gim, limX

Rime
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨金切	力稔切
Baxter	gim	limX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/	/liɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/	/lim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/	/ljem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/	/lim^X/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/	/liəm^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/	/lĭĕm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/	/li̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	lǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam⁴	lam⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][ə]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯmʔ/, /*ɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ lim^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[r][ə]mʔ/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	909	913
Phonetic component	禀	禀
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	廩	琴
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯmʔ/	/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions

凜

freezing cold
凜冽／凛冽 ― lǐnliè ― freezing cold
solemn
凜然／凛然 ― lǐnrán ― stern; awe-inspiring
(literary) fearful (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Compounds

凜冽 / 凛冽 (lǐnliè)
凜凜 / 凛凛 (lǐnlǐn)
凜凜冽冽 / 凛凛冽冽
凜慄 / 凛栗
凜然 / 凛然 (lǐnrán)
凜然難犯 / 凛然难犯
凜遵 / 凛遵 (lǐn zūn)
大義凜然 / 大义凛然 (dàyìlǐnrán)
威風凜凜 / 威风凛凛 (wēifēnglǐnlǐn)
道貌凜然 / 道貌凛然
黑凜凜 / 黑凛凛

Japanese

Kanji

凜

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: りん (rin)^{←りむ (rimu, historical)}
Kan-on: りん (rin)^{←りむ (rimu, historical)}
Kun: きびしい (kibishii, 凜い)

Proper noun

凜(りん) • (Rin)

a female given name

Korean

Hanja

凜 (eum 름 (reum))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

凜: Hán Nôm readings: lẫm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.