劫難

See also: 劫难

Chinese

		plunder	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (劫難)		劫	難
simp. (劫难)		劫	难

Etymology

Combination of abbreviated Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “eon”) 劫波 + native Chinese 難 (“hardship”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiénàn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gip³ naan⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiap-lān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiénàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiénàn
  - Wade–Giles: chieh²-nan⁴
  - Yale: jyé-nàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyenann
  - Palladius: цзенань (czenanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ nän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gip³ naan⁶
  - Yale: gip naahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gip⁸ naan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gib³ nan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːp̚³ naːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiap-lān
  - Tâi-lô: kiap-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiaplan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiap̚³²⁻⁵ lan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/

Noun

劫難

disaster; calamity; catastrophe (Classifier: 場／场; 次; 種／种)

Synonyms

亂兒 / 乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
人禍 / 人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
劫煞 (Hokkien)
厄 (literary, or in compounds)
大禍 / 大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
大難 / 大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
天災 / 天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
奇禍 / 奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
巨禍 / 巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
慘事 / 惨事 (cǎnshì)
慘劇 / 惨剧 (cǎnjù)
慘禍 / 惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
沙𧐔 (sua¹ sab⁴) (Teochew)
浩劫 (hàojié)
災 / 灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
災劫 / 灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
災厄 / 灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
災害 / 灾害 (zāihài)
災殃 / 灾殃 (zāiyāng)
災禍 / 灾祸 (zāihuò)
災變 / 灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
災難 / 灾难 (zāinàn)
癰疽 / 痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
禍 / 祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
禍事 / 祸事 (huòshì)
禍害 / 祸害 (huòhài)
禍息 / 祸息 (ho⁵ si⁶) (Xiang)
禍患 / 祸患 (huòhuàn)
禍殃 / 祸殃 (huòyāng)