災難
See also: 灾难
Chinese
| disaster; calamity | disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (災難) | 災 | 難 | |
| simp. (灾难) | 灾 | 难 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi1 naan6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zai1 nan3
- Northern Min (KCR): cuói-nūing
- Eastern Min (BUC): căi-nâng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zāinàn
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ ㄋㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zainàn
- Wade–Giles: tsai1-nan4
- Yale: dzāi-nàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzainann
- Palladius: цзайнань (czajnanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵ nän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zoi1 naan6
- Yale: jōi naahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi1 naan6
- Guangdong Romanization: zoi1 nan6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵ naːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi-nan
- Hakka Romanization System: zaiˊ nan
- Hagfa Pinyim: zai1 nan4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ nan⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zaiˋ nan˖
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sai⁵³ nan³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cuói-nūing
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suɛ⁵⁴ nuiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai-lān
- Tâi-lô: tsai-lān
- Phofsit Daibuun: zailan
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² lan²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³ lan⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² lan²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ lan³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ lan³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zai1 lang7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai lāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai³³⁻²³ laŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: tsoj nanH
Noun
災難
- disaster; calamity; catastrophe (Classifier: 場／场; 次)
- 災難延於宗子，權柄隆於朝廷。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin
- Zāinàn yán yú zōngzǐ, quánbǐng lóng yú cháotíng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
灾难延于宗子，权柄隆于朝廷。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
- 亂兒 / 乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
- 人禍 / 人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
- 劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
- 劫煞 (Hokkien)
- 劫難 / 劫难 (jiénàn)
- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 大禍 / 大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
- 大難 / 大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
- 天災 / 天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
- 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
- 奇禍 / 奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
- 巨禍 / 巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 慘事 / 惨事 (cǎnshì)
- 慘劇 / 惨剧 (cǎnjù)
- 慘禍 / 惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
- 沙𧐔 (sua1 sab4) (Teochew)
- 浩劫 (hàojié)
- 災 / 灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
- 災劫 / 灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
- 災厄 / 灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
- 災害 / 灾害 (zāihài)
- 災殃 / 灾殃 (zāiyāng)
- 災禍 / 灾祸 (zāihuò)
- 災變 / 灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
- 癰疽 / 痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
- 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
- 禍 / 祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
- 禍事 / 祸事 (huòshì)
- 禍害 / 祸害 (huòhài)
- 禍息 / 祸息 (ho5 si6) (Xiang)
- 禍患 / 祸患 (huòhuàn)
- 禍殃 / 祸殃 (huòyāng)
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 災 | 難 |
| さい Grade: 5 |
なん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
Noun
災難 • (sainan)
- disaster
- 2015 September 14, Kaori Shoji, “When disaster strikes in Japan, keep calm and carry a diaper”, in The Japan Times[1] (in English), retrieved 11 April 2023:
- On a smaller scale, there’s the roster of small catastrophes called sainan (災難); these include everything from mushisasare (虫さされ, mosquito bites) and hage (ハゲ, losing your hair) to wakare (別れ, break-ups), rikon (離婚, divorce) and other relationship troubles.
References
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 災 | 難 |
Noun
災難 • (jaenan) (hangeul 재난)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 災 | 難 |
Noun
災難