包括

Chinese

		to cover; to wrap; to hold to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; to contract (to or for)	enclose; include
simp. and trad. (包括)		包	括

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bāokuò, bāoguā

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄅㄠㄍㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): baau¹ kut³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pâu-koat

(Hailu, HRS): bau^ˋ guad
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pau-koat

(Teochew, Peng'im): bao¹ guag⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pau-kuaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāokuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠㄎㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: baokuò
  - Wade–Giles: pao¹-kʻuo⁴
  - Yale: bāu-kwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baukuoh
  - Palladius: баоко (baoko)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāoguā
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠㄍㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: baogua
  - Wade–Giles: pao¹-kua¹
  - Yale: bāu-gwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baugua
  - Palladius: баогуа (baogua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: baau¹ kut³
  - Yale: bāau kut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baau¹ kut⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: bao¹ kud³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu-koat
  - Hakka Romanization System: bau^ˊ guad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bau¹ guad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴ ku̯at̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: bau^ˋ guad
  - Sinological IPA: /pau⁵³ kuat⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau-koat
  - Tâi-lô: pau-kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pau'koad
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³ kuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bao¹ guag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pau kuak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³³⁻²³ kuak̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹pau-kuaq
  - MiniDict: pau^平 kuah
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pau-kuaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/

Verb

包括

to include; to consist of
包括但不限於／包括但不限于 ― bāokuò dàn bù xiànyú ― including, but not limited to, ...

以感恩的心態面對一切、包括失敗，你會發現，人生其實很精彩。 [MSC, trad.]
以感恩的心态面对一切、包括失败，你会发现，人生其实很精彩。 [MSC, simp.]
Yǐ gǎn'ēn de xīntài miànduì yīqiè, bāokuò shībài, nǐ huì fāxiàn, rénshēng qíshí hěn jīngcǎi. [Pinyin]
Face everything, including failure, with a grateful mind, and you will find that life is actually wonderful.

Synonyms

edit

儲藏 / 储藏 (chǔcáng)
包 (literary, or in compounds)
包含 (bāohán)
包孕 (bāoyùn)
包容 (bāoróng)
包羅 / 包罗 (bāoluó)
包舉 / 包举 (bāojǔ) (literary)
包蘊 / 包蕴 (bāoyùn)
含
含有 (hányǒu)
含蓄 (hánxù)
囊括 (nángkuò)
容納 / 容纳 (róngnà)
涵括 (hánkuò)
涵蓋 / 涵盖 (hángài)
蘊含 / 蕴含 (yùnhán)
蘊涵 / 蕴涵 (yùnhán)
蘊藏 / 蕴藏 (yùncáng)
貯藏 / 贮藏 (zhùcáng)
連 / 连

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (包括):

→ Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)
→ Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)
→ Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
包	括
ほう Grade: 4	かつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほーかつ [hòókátsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːka̠t͡sɨ]

Noun

包(ほう)括(かつ) • (hōkatsu) ^{←はうくわつ (faukwatu)^?}

comprehensiveness

Derived terms

包括的(ほうかつてき) (hōkatsuteki)

Verb

包(ほう)括(かつ)する • (hōkatsu suru) ^{←はうくわつ (faukwatu)^?}suru (stem 包(ほう)括(かつ)し (hōkatsu shi), past 包(ほう)括(かつ)した (hōkatsu shita))

to include, to comprehend, to embrace

Conjugation

Conjugation of "包括する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	包括し	ほうかつし	hōkatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	包括し	ほうかつし	hōkatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	包括する	ほうかつする	hōkatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	包括する	ほうかつする	hōkatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	包括すれ	ほうかつすれ	hōkatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	包括せよ¹ 包括しろ²	ほうかつせよ¹ ほうかつしろ²	hōkatsu seyo¹ hōkatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	包括される	ほうかつされる	hōkatsu sareru
Causative	包括させる包括さす	ほうかつさせるほうかつさす	hōkatsu saseru hōkatsu sasu
Potential	包括できる	ほうかつできる	hōkatsu dekiru
Volitional	包括しよう	ほうかつしよう	hōkatsu shiyō
Negative	包括しない	ほうかつしない	hōkatsu shinai
Negative continuative	包括せず	ほうかつせず	hōkatsu sezu
Formal	包括します	ほうかつします	hōkatsu shimasu
Perfective	包括した	ほうかつした	hōkatsu shita
Conjunctive	包括して	ほうかつして	hōkatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	包括すれば	ほうかつすれば	hōkatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]