噂

噂	U+5642, 噂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5642

← 噁
[U+5641]

CJK Unified Ideographs

噃 →
[U+5643]

Translingual

Han character

噂 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 口廿田戈 (RTWI), four-corner 6804₆, composition ⿰口尊)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 208, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4286
Dae Jaweon: page 431, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 686, character 5
Unihan data for U+5642

Chinese

trad.		噂
simp. ^#		噂
alternative forms		譐／𬤢

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (尊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
尊	*ʔsuːn
樽	*ʔsuːn
罇	*ʔsuːn
嶟	ʔsuːn, ʔsun
繜	*ʔsuːn
撙	*ʔsuːnʔ
噂	*ʔsuːnʔ
譐	*ʔsuːnʔ
僔	*ʔsuːnʔ
蹲	*zuːn
鱒	zuːnʔ, zuːns
鐏	*zuːns
遵	*ʔsun
鷷	ʔsun, zun
墫	*sʰun
竴	*sʰun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsuːnʔ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zǔn (zun³)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyun²
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zong³ / zuong³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chún

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǔn
  - Wade–Giles: tsun³
  - Yale: dzwǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoen
  - Palladius: цзунь (czunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ən²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zyun²
  - Yale: jyún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzyn²
  - Guangdong Romanization: jun²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syːn³⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zong³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zuong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suoŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chún
  - Tâi-lô: tsún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuon
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: tswonX

Rime
Character	噂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	兹損切
Baxter	tswonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡suən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡swən^X/
Li Rong	/t͡suən^X/
Wang Li	/t͡suən^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡suən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyun²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	噂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17990
Phonetic component	尊
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	𠟃
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːnʔ/

Definitions

噂

to talk together

Compounds

噂噆
噂噂
噂沓
噂議 / 噂议

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “噂”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 321.

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	噂󠄀 噂+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
噂󠄂 噂+`󠄂`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Print standard	噂
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

噂

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: そん (son)
Kan-on: そん (son)
Kun: うわさ (uwasa, 噂)^{←うはさ (ufasa, 噂, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
噂
うわさ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

/ufasa/ → /uwasa/

First attested in works from the Muromachi period.^[1]

Considering that the meaning originally referred to private conversation about one's social superiors, possibly derived as a compound of 上 (ufa, “up, upward”, ancient reading of modern uwa, the combining form of modern ue; in reference to those of higher social standing) +‎ さ (sa, “-ness”, suffix indicating state or degree). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うわさ [ùwásá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟β̞a̠sa̠]

(Kyoto) うわさ [úꜜwàsà] (Kōki)^[1]

Noun

噂(うわさ) • (uwasa) ^{←うはさ (ufasa)^?}

rumor, rumour
gossip
abbreviation of 噂付け (uwasazuke, obsolete): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Synonyms

風(ふう)説(せつ) (fūsetsu)
風(ふう)聞(ぶん) (fūbun)
世(せ)評(ひょう) (sehyō)

Verb

噂(うわさ)する • (uwasa suru) transitive suru (stem 噂(うわさ)し (uwasa shi), past 噂(うわさ)した (uwasa shita))

to talk gossip (about)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "噂する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	噂し	うわさし	uwasa shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	噂し	うわさし	uwasa shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	噂する	うわさする	uwasa suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	噂する	うわさする	uwasa suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	噂すれ	うわさすれ	uwasa sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	噂せよ¹ 噂しろ²	うわさせよ¹ うわさしろ²	uwasa seyo¹ uwasa shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	噂される	うわさされる	uwasa sareru
Causative	噂させる噂さす	うわささせるうわささす	uwasa saseru uwasa sasu
Potential	噂できる	うわさできる	uwasa dekiru
Volitional	噂しよう	うわさしよう	uwasa shiyō
Negative	噂しない	うわさしない	uwasa shinai
Negative continuative	噂せず	うわさせず	uwasa sezu
Formal	噂します	うわさします	uwasa shimasu
Perfective	噂した	うわさした	uwasa shita
Conjunctive	噂して	うわさして	uwasa shite
Hypothetical conditional	噂すれば	うわさすれば	uwasa sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Idioms

噂(うわさ)をすれば (uwasa o sureba)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “うわさ［うはさ］【噂】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

噂 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

噂: Hán Nôm readings: ton

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ2O-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “うわさ［うはさ］【噂】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]