See also:
U+5750, 坐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5750

[U+574F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5751]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 88104, composition or ⿱𠦏)

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 423, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5750

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): (to stay) + (ground).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𡋲
𡊎

ancient
𡋐
𡋲
𡊎

ancient
𡋐
𠱯
𡉡
𰉗
𭍻
 

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tangut 𗶠 (*dzu̱², to sit), Japhug amdzɯ (to sit) (Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • co5 - vernacular;
  • zo6 - literary.
Note:
  • co5 - vernacular;
  • zo3 - literary.
Note:
  • Meixian:
    • co1 - vernacular;
    • co4 - literary.
Note: suâi - modern pronunciation of sô̤i.
  • Puxian Min
    • (Putian)
    • (Xianyou)
      • Pouseng Ping'ing: soe5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬø²¹/
    • (Putian)
      • Pouseng Ping'ing: zor5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒ¹¹/
    • (Xianyou)
      • Pouseng Ping'ing: zor5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒ²¹/
Note:
Note:
  • chē/chěr/chě/chēr, chǒ - vernacular;
  • chō/chǒ͘ - literary.
Note: zo6 - Chaozhou, Shantou.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: ze6 / zo7
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɛ³³/, /t͡sɔ⁵⁵/
Note:
  • ze6 - vernacular;
  • zo7 - literary.
Note:
  • zo5 - vernacular;
  • zo4 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡suo⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡suo⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡suo⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡suə²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡suə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡suo³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡suo⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡su²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡suə¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡suə¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡suɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡suo³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡so¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡so²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡so²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡so⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sʊ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡suɤ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕye̞³⁵/
    /t͡suə³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡suɤ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /zu²³/
    Suzhou /zəu³¹/
    Hangzhou /d͡zo¹³/
    Wenzhou /zo³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰo³⁵/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰo²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡so⁵⁵/
    /t͡so¹¹/
    Xiangtan /d͡zo²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰo²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /t͡sʰo²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ²²/
    /t͡sʰɔ²³/
    Nanning /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɔ²²/
    /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡so²²/
    /t͡se²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɔy²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡so⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡so³⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡se³³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (15)
    Final () (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter dzwaX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /d͡zuɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /d͡zuɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /d͡zuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /d͡zwaX/
    Li
    Rong
    /d͡zuɑX/
    Wang
    Li
    /d͡zuɑX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /d͡zʱuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zuò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zo6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zuò zuò
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dzwaX › ‹ dzwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ/ /*m-[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ/
    English sit to set

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 18064
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*zoːlʔ/

    Definitions

    1. to sit; to take a seat
        ―  zuòxià  ―  to sit down
      [Hokkien]  ―  Chhiáⁿ chē! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Please take a seat!
    2. to go by; to travel by; to ride
      公交車小心過頭 [MSC, trad.]
      公交车小心过头 [MSC, simp.]
      zuò gōngjiāochē bù xiǎoxīn zuò guòtóu [Pinyin]
      to miss one's stop on the bus
      飛機上海 [MSC, trad.]
      飞机上海 [MSC, simp.]
      zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎi. [Pinyin]
      I go to Shanghai by plane.
      開車火車 [MSC, trad.]
      开车火车 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā kāichē qù, bù zuò huǒchē qù. [Pinyin]
      She does not go by train, she drives.
    3. to bear fruit
    4. (literary) because of; on the ground of
    5. to be in charge of; to manage
    6. to uphold; to fight until the end without giving up
        ―  zuòzhèn  ―  to assume personal command
    7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be convicted (of a crime)
    See also
    • (shàng, “to board”)
    Descendants
    • Ai-Cham: zai⁶

    Compounds

    • 上高坐
    • 不忍坐視 / 不忍坐视 (bùrěnzuòshì)
    • 並坐 / 并坐
    • 主坐
    • 久坐 (jiǔzuò)
    • 乘亂坐大 / 乘乱坐大
    • 乘坐 (chéngzuò)
    • 乘機坐大 / 乘机坐大
    • 住坐
    • 促坐
    • 倒坐
    • 僭坐
    • 兀坐
    • 兩坐 / 两坐
    • 列坐 (lièzuò)
    • 割席分坐
    • 匡坐
    • 升坐
    • 危坐
    • 反坐 (fǎnzuò)
    • 同坐 (tóngzuò)
    • 同起同坐
    • 告坐
    • 呆坐
    • 四坐
    • 因循坐誤 / 因循坐误
    • 圍坐 / 围坐 (wéizuò)
    • 團坐 / 团坐 (tuánzuò)
    • 坐下 (zuòxià)
    • 坐上客
    • 坐不住 (zuò bu zhù)
    • 坐不垂堂
    • 坐不安席 (zuò bù ān xí)
    • 坐不穩 / 坐不稳
    • 坐不窺堂 / 坐不窥堂
    • 坐井觀天 / 坐井观天 (zuòjǐngguāntiān)
    • 坐交椅
    • 坐享 (zuòxiǎng)
    • 坐享其成 (zuòxiǎngqíchéng)
    • 坐以待斃 / 坐以待毙 (zuòyǐdàibì)
    • 坐以待旦
    • 坐位 (zuòwèi)
    • 坐具 (zuòjù)
    • 坐冷子
    • 坐冷板凳 (zuò lěngbǎndèng)
    • 坐功
    • 坐化 (zuòhuà)
    • 坐名
    • 坐吃山崩
    • 坐吃山空 (zuòchīshānkōng)
    • 坐喫山崩 / 坐吃山崩
    • 坐嘯 / 坐啸
    • 坐困 (zuòkùn)
    • 坐困愁城
    • 坐地 (zuòdì)
    • 坐地分贓 / 坐地分赃
    • 坐坐
    • 坐坡
    • 坐堂 (zuòtáng)
    • 坐墊 / 坐垫 (zuòdiàn)
    • 坐夜 (zuòyè)
    • 坐大
    • 坐天下
    • 坐失 (zuòshī)
    • 坐失良機 / 坐失良机
    • 坐婆
    • 坐守 (zuòshǒu)
    • 坐定 (zuòdìng)
    • 坐客
    • 坐家女兒 / 坐家女儿
    • 坐家虎
    • 坐富貴 / 坐富贵
    • 坐實 / 坐实 (zuòshí)
    • 坐席 (zuòxí)
    • 坐帳 / 坐帐
    • 坐年
    • 坐床
    • 坐床富貴 / 坐床富贵
    • 坐床撒帳 / 坐床撒帐
    • 坐廳 / 坐厅 (zuòtīng)
    • 坐忘
    • 坐性
    • 坐懷不亂 / 坐怀不乱
    • 坐擁書城 / 坐拥书城
    • 坐擁百城 / 坐拥百城
    • 坐收漁利 / 坐收渔利 (zuòshōuyúlì)
    • 坐斷 / 坐断
    • 坐春風 / 坐春风
    • 坐更
    • 坐曹
    • 坐月子 (zuòyuèzi)
    • 坐板瘡 / 坐板疮
    • 坐標 / 坐标 (zuòbiāo)
    • 坐標軸 / 坐标轴
    • 坐檯子 / 坐台子
    • 坐殿
    • 坐江山
    • 坐法 (zuòfǎ)
    • 坐浴
    • 坐無車公 / 坐无车公
    • 坐牢 (zuòláo)
    • 坐產招夫 / 坐产招夫
    • 坐監 / 坐监
    • 坐視 / 坐视 (zuòshì)
    • 坐視成敗 / 坐视成败
    • 坐禪 / 坐禅 (zuòchán)
    • 坐科
    • 坐窩子 / 坐窝子
    • 坐立不安 (zuòlìbù'ān)
    • 坐簿
    • 坐籌帷幄 / 坐筹帷幄
    • 坐紅椅子 / 坐红椅子
    • 坐索
    • 坐纛旂兒 / 坐纛旗儿
    • 坐罪
    • 坐而待斃 / 坐而待毙
    • 坐而待旦
    • 坐而論道 / 坐而论道 (zuò'érlùndào)
    • 坐臥不安 / 坐卧不安
    • 坐臥不寧 / 坐卧不宁 (zuòwòbùníng)
    • 坐致
    • 坐草
    • 坐莊 / 坐庄 (zuòzhuāng)
    • 坐落 (zuòluò)
    • 坐蓐 (zuòrù)
    • 坐薪嘗膽 / 坐薪尝胆
    • 坐薪懸膽 / 坐薪悬胆
    • 坐藥 / 坐药 (zuòyào)
    • 坐蘿蔔 / 坐萝卜
    • 坐蠟 / 坐蜡
    • 坐褥
    • 坐觀成敗 / 坐观成败
    • 坐言起行
    • 坐賈 / 坐贾
    • 坐起
    • 坐車 / 坐车 (zuòchē)
    • 坐轎 / 坐轿
    • 坐部伎
    • 坐鎮 / 坐镇 (zuòzhèn)
    • 坐鐘 / 坐钟
    • 坐間 / 坐间
    • 坐關 / 坐关
    • 坐隱 / 坐隐
    • 坐頭 / 坐头
    • 坐食 (zuòshí)
    • 坐館 / 坐馆 (zuòguǎn)
    • 坐馳 / 坐驰
    • 坐騎 / 坐骑 (zuòqí)
    • 坐骨 (zuògǔ)
    • 坐骨神經 / 坐骨神经 (zuògǔ shénjīng)
    • 如坐春風 / 如坐春风
    • 如坐針氈 / 如坐针毡 (rúzuòzhēnzhān)
    • 如坐鍼氈 / 如坐针毡
    • 如坐雲霧 / 如坐云雾
    • 存坐
    • 安坐 (ānzuò)
    • 安坐待斃 / 安坐待毙
    • 宥坐器
    • 宴坐
    • 寬坐 / 宽坐 (kuānzuò)
    • 對坐 / 对坐
    • 小坐 (xiǎozuò)
    • 少坐
    • 就坐 (jiùzuò)
    • 尻坐
    • 席地而坐 (xídì'érzuò)
    • 席坐
    • 平起平坐 (píngqǐpíngzuò)
    • 廣坐 / 广坐 (guǎngzuò)
    • 從坐 / 从坐 (cóngzuò)
    • 悶坐 / 闷坐
    • 愁坐
    • 打坐 (dǎzuò)
    • 打坐坡
    • 打酒坐
    • 掇坐
    • 搖席破坐 / 摇席破坐
    • 擦坐
    • 敦坐
    • 敬陪末坐
    • 整襟危坐
    • 旁坐
    • 日坐愁城
    • 枕戈坐甲
    • 枯坐 (kūzuò)
    • 極坐標 / 极坐标 (jízuòbiāo)
    • 橫坐標 / 横坐标 (héngzuòbiāo)
    • 正襟危坐 (zhèngjīnwēizuò)
    • 歸坐 / 归坐
    • 法坐
    • 灌夫罵坐 / 灌夫骂坐
    • 燕坐
    • 爭坐位帖 / 争坐位帖
    • 環坐 / 环坐
    • 發風罵坐 / 发风骂坐
    • 盤坐 / 盘坐
    • 盤腿而坐 / 盘腿而坐
    • 盤膝而坐 / 盘膝而坐
    • 直角坐標 / 直角坐标
    • 相坐 (xiāngzuò)
    • 看坐兒 / 看坐儿
    • 禁坐
    • 稠人廣坐 / 稠人广坐 (chóurén guǎngzuò)
    • 端坐 (duānzuò)
    • 箕坐
    • 緣坐 / 缘坐
    • 縱坐標 / 纵坐标 (zòngzuòbiāo)
    • 罵坐 / 骂坐
    • 罵坐灌夫 / 骂坐灌夫
    • 肅坐 / 肃坐
    • 落坐
    • 行三坐五
    • 行動坐臥 / 行动坐卧
    • 行吟坐詠 / 行吟坐咏
    • 行坐
    • 行坐不安 (xíngzuòbù'ān)
    • 行思坐想
    • 行思坐憶 / 行思坐忆
    • 行監坐守 / 行监坐守
    • 起坐
    • 趺坐 (fūzuò)
    • 跂坐
    • 跛立箕坐
    • 跪坐
    • 踞坐
    • 蹲坐
    • 連坐 / 连坐 (liánzuò)
    • 酒坐 (jiǔzuò)
    • 閒坐 / 闲坐
    • 陪坐
    • 隅坐
    • 隨坐 / 随坐
    • 靜坐 / 静坐 (jìngzuò)
    • 面壁坐禪 / 面壁坐禅
    • 竟坐
    • 顒坐 / 颙坐
    • 驚坐 / 惊坐
    • 高坐 (gāozuò)
    • 默坐 (mòzuò)

    Etymology 2

    simp. and trad.

    Pronunciation



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (15)
    Final () (95)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter dzwaH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /d͡zuɑH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /d͡zuɑH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /d͡zuɑH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /d͡zwaH/
    Li
    Rong
    /d͡zuɑH/
    Wang
    Li
    /d͡zuɑH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /d͡zʱuɑH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zuò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zo6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zuò
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dzwaH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
    English seat n.

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 18065
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*zoːls/

    Definitions

    1. alternative form of (zuò)
    Usage notes
    • This form was also proposed in the second round of simplification.

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (Jinmeiyō kanji)

    1. to sit
    2. to assume (a position)
    3. to hold still

    Readings

    • Go-on: (za) (za, historical)
    • Kan-on: (sa) (sa, historical)
    • Kun: すわる (suwaru, 坐る)そぞろに (sozoro ni, 坐に)おわす (owasu, 坐す)ます (masu, 坐す)
    • Nanori: います (imasu)ます (masu)

    Usage notes

    In modern Japanese, is mostly replaced by , due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

    Japanese terms with 坐 replaced by daiyōji 座

    Compounds

    References

    Korean

    Hanja

    (eumhun 앉을 (anjeul jwa))

    1. hanja form? of (to sit)

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Việt readings: tọa/toạ
    : Nôm readings: ngồi, tòa/toà, tọa/toạ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References