坯

See also: 壞

坯	U+576F, 坯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-576F

← 坮
[U+576E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

坰 →
[U+5770]

Translingual

Han character

坯 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一火一 (GMFM), four-corner 4111₉, composition ⿰土丕)

dam, embankment
weir

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4984
Dae Jaweon: page 462, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 1
Unihan data for U+576F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (不) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肧	pʰlɯː, pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
俖	*pʰɯːʔ
娝	*prɯʔ
痞	prɯʔ, brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
丕	*pʰrɯ
伾	*pʰrɯ
秠	pʰrɯ, pʰrɯʔ, pʰɯ, pʰɯʔ
駓	*pʰrɯ
怌	*pʰrɯ
豾	*pʰrɯ
髬	*pʰrɯ
魾	pʰrɯ, brɯ
鉟	pʰrɯ, brɯ
嚭	*pʰrɯʔ
邳	*brɯ
岯	*brɯ
否	brɯʔ, pɯʔ
抔	bɯ, pʰlɯː
不	pɯ, pɯʔ, *pɯ'
紑	pɯ, pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
鴀	pɯ, pɯʔ
衃	pʰɯ, pʰlɯː
罘	*bɯ
芣	*bɯ
杯	*plɯː
盃	*plɯː
桮	*pɯː
坯	*pʰɯː
胚	*pʰɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰɯː): semantic 土 + phonetic 丕 (OC *pʰrɯ).

Etymology 1

trad.		坯
simp. ^#		坯
alternative forms		坏

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): pī, pēi

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧ, ㄆㄟ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pei¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): pui¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phôi

(Meixian, Guangdong): poi¹
Jin (Wiktionary): pi¹
Northern Min (KCR): pó
Eastern Min (BUC): puŏi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phe / pher / phoe

(Teochew, Peng'im): puê¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹phe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pei¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pī
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pi
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi¹
  - Yale: pī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pīr
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pir
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: pīr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piel
  - Palladius: пир (pir)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiə̯ɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pei
  - Wade–Giles: pʻei¹
  - Yale: pēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pei
  - Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pei¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pei
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pui¹
  - Yale: pūi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pui¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: pui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phôi
  - Hakka Romanization System: poi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: poi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰoi̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: poi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰoɪ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: pi¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰi¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰo⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: puŏi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰui⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe
  - Tâi-lô: phe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pher
  - Tâi-lô: pher
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰə³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoe
  - Tâi-lô: phue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoef
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /pʰue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰue³³/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei:
- phe/pher - vernacular (“unfinished product”);
- phoe - literary;.
Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung:
- phoe - vernacular (“unfinished product”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: puê¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phue
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰue³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹phe
  - MiniDict: phe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹phe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰe⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: pei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰe̞i̯³³/

Middle Chinese: phwoj

Rime
Character	坯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	芳杯切
Baxter	phwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwəj/
Li Rong	/pʰuᴀi/
Wang Li	/pʰuɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pēi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pui¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坯
Reading #	1/1
No.	1046
Phonetic component	不
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	肧
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯː/

Definitions

坯

unburnt pottery and bricks; base; blank; mold
adobe; unburnt brick
(dialectal, figurative) unfinished product; semifinished product
粗坯 [Hokkien] ― chho͘-phe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― semi-finished product

Synonyms

(unfinished product):

edit

半成品 (bànchéngpǐn)
半製品 / 半制品 (bànzhìpǐn)
在製品 / 在制品 (zàizhìpǐn)
坯料 (pīliào)
毛坯 (máopī)
粗坯 (Hokkien)

Compounds

土坯 (tǔpī)
坯子 (pīzi)
坯布
坯料 (pīliào)
坯體 / 坯体
壞坯子 / 坏坯子
殺坯 / 杀坯
毛坯 (máopī)
泥坯
磚坯 / 砖坯 (zhuānpī)
線坯子 / 线坯子
製坯 / 制坯
麵坯兒 / 面坯儿

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 坯 – see 壞 (“bad; rotten; spoiled; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 壞).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 坯 – see 坏 (“unfired pottery and bricks; base; low hill; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 坏).

Japanese

Kanji

坯

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): ひ (hi)、はい (hai)、へ (he)
Kun: おか (oka)

Korean

Hanja

坯 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

坯: Hán Nôm readings: phôi, phơ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation