妨害

Chinese

		hinder; harm	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (妨害)		妨	害
simp. ^#(妨害)		妨	害

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fánghài

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ ㄏㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong⁴ hoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fòng-hoi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hóng-hāi / hông-hāi / hong-hāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ hai⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fánghài
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ ㄏㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fánghài
  - Wade–Giles: fang²-hai⁴
  - Yale: fáng-hài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnghay
  - Palladius: фанхай (fanxaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong⁴ hoi⁶
  - Yale: fòhng hoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong⁴ hoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong⁴ hoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ²¹ hɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng-hoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˇ hoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong² hoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: hóng-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofnghai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: hông-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hai³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hāi
  - Tâi-lô: hong-hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁵ hai⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng hāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hai¹¹/

Verb

妨害

to hinder; to impair; to interfere with; to harm; to damage

Synonyms

edit

傷害 / 伤害 (shānghài)
危及 (wēijí)
危害 (wēihài)
戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
戕賊 / 戕贼 (literary)
損 / 损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
損傷 / 损伤 (sǔnshāng)
損害 / 损害 (sǔnhài)
暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
有傷 / 有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
禍 / 祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
禍害 / 祸害 (huòhài)

Derived terms

妨害公務罪 / 妨害公务罪
妨害家庭罪 (fánghài jiātíng zuì)
妨害風化罪 / 妨害风化罪 (fánghài fēnghuà zuì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (妨害):

→ Japanese: 妨害(ぼうがい) (bōgai)
→ Korean: 방해(妨害) (banghae)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
妨	害
ぼう Grade: S	がい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spellings
妨碍妨礙

Etymology

害 is a daiyōji replacing 碍.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぼーがい [bòógáí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [bo̞ːɡa̠i]

Noun

妨(ぼう)害(がい) • (bōgai)

obstructing someone or something; obstruction, interference
妨害(ぼうがい)をやめろ。
Bōgai o yamero.
Do not disturb!

Synonyms

邪魔(じゃま) (jama)

Verb

妨(ぼう)害(がい)する • (bōgai suru) suru (stem 妨(ぼう)害(がい)し (bōgai shi), past 妨(ぼう)害(がい)した (bōgai shita))

obstruct, disturb, stand in the way

Conjugation

Conjugation of "妨害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	妨害し	ぼうがいし	bōgai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	妨害し	ぼうがいし	bōgai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	妨害する	ぼうがいする	bōgai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	妨害する	ぼうがいする	bōgai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	妨害すれ	ぼうがいすれ	bōgai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	妨害せよ¹ 妨害しろ²	ぼうがいせよ¹ ぼうがいしろ²	bōgai seyo¹ bōgai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	妨害される	ぼうがいされる	bōgai sareru
Causative	妨害させる妨害さす	ぼうがいさせるぼうがいさす	bōgai saseru bōgai sasu
Potential	妨害できる	ぼうがいできる	bōgai dekiru
Volitional	妨害しよう	ぼうがいしよう	bōgai shiyō
Negative	妨害しない	ぼうがいしない	bōgai shinai
Negative continuative	妨害せず	ぼうがいせず	bōgai sezu
Formal	妨害します	ぼうがいします	bōgai shimasu
Perfective	妨害した	ぼうがいした	bōgai shita
Conjunctive	妨害して	ぼうがいして	bōgai shite
Hypothetical conditional	妨害すれば	ぼうがいすれば	bōgai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

妨(さまた)げる (samatageru)

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.