子孫

See also: 子孙

Chinese

	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight	grandson
trad. (子孫)	子	孫
simp. (子孙)	子	孙
anagram	孫子／孙子

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zǐsūn

(Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄙㄨㄣ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi² syun¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): du² lhun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳ́-sûn

(Hailu, HRS): zii^ˊ sun^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): zi³ sun¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zo³ song¹ / zo³ suong¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chú-sun / chír-sun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǐsūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄙㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhsun
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ³-sun¹
  - Yale: dž-swūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyysuen
  - Palladius: цзысунь (czysunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi² syun¹
  - Yale: jí syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi² syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji² xun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵ syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: du² lhun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵⁵ ɬun³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́-sûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˋ sun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi³ sun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹ sun²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˊ sun^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ sun⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zi³ sun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩³¹ sun⁴⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zo³ song¹ [Phonetic: zo⁵ long¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceô-seong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^(ɬ-)lɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zo³ suong¹ [Phonetic: zo⁵ luong¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so³³²⁻²¹ ^(ɬ-)luoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chú-sun
  - Tâi-lô: tsú-sun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zwswn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chír-sun
  - Tâi-lô: tsír-sun
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sun³³/

Middle Chinese: tsiX swon

Rime
Character	子	孫
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	即里切	思渾切
Baxter	tsiX	swon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨ^X/	/suən/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨ^X/	/suon/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sie^X/	/suən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨ^X/	/swən/
Li Rong	/t͡siə^X/	/suən/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭə^X/	/suən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si^X/	/suən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǐ	sūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi²	syun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsəʔ [s]ˤu[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯʔ suːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	子	孫
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǐ	sūn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsi^X ›	‹ swon ›
Old Chinese	/*tsəʔ/	/*[s]ˁu[n]/
English	child; gentleman, master	grandchild; descendant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	子	孫
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17857	12178
Phonetic component	子	孫
Rime group	之	文
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	子	孫
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯʔ/	/*suːn/

Noun

子孫

children and grandchildren; descendants
子孫後代／子孙后代 ― zǐsūn hòudài ― future generations

遺禍子孫／遗祸子孙 ― yíhuò zǐsūn ― to harm future generations

Synonyms

edit

下輩 / 下辈 (xiàbèi)
仔孫 / 仔孙 (zai² syun¹) (Cantonese)
兒孫 / 儿孙 (érsūn)
囝孫 / 囝孙 (Min)
子胤 (zǐyìn) (literary)
孫子 / 孙子 (literary)
後人 / 后人 (hòurén)
後代 / 后代 (hòudài)
後嗣 / 后嗣 (hòusì)
後生 / 后生 (hòushēng) (literary)
後胤 / 后胤 (hòuyìn) (literary)
後裔 / 后裔 (hòuyì)
根 (gēn) (figurative)
緒餘 / 绪余 (xùyú) (literary)
苗 (miáo) (literary, or in compounds)
遺裔 / 遗裔 (yíyì) (literary)
餘緒 / 余绪 (yúxù) (literary)

Derived terms

不肖子孫 / 不肖子孙 (bùxiào zǐsūn)
吃子孫飯 / 吃子孙饭
子子孫孫 / 子子孙孙 (zǐzǐsūnsūn)
子孫根 / 子孙根 (zǐsūngēn)
子孫桶 / 子孙桶
子孫滿堂 / 子孙满堂 (zǐsūnmǎntáng)
德流子孫 / 德流子孙
慶流子孫 / 庆流子孙
炎黃子孫 / 炎黄子孙 (Yán-Huáng zǐsūn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (子孫):

→ Japanese: 子(し)孫(そん) (shison)
→ Korean: 자손(子孫) (jason)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
子	孫
し Grade: 1	そん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しそん [shíꜜsòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕisõ̞ɴ]

Noun

子(し)孫(そん) • (shison)

descendant, scion
Synonyms: 後裔 (kōei), 孫子 (magoko)

Antonyms: 先祖 (senzo), 父祖 (fuso)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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