心中
Chinese
| heart; mind | middle; centre; within middle; centre; within; among; in; while (doing something); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (心中) |
心 | 中 | |
| anagram | 中心 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xīnzhōng
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sinjhong
- Wade–Giles: hsin1-chung1
- Yale: syīn-jūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinjong
- Palladius: синьчжун (sinʹčžun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sam1 zung1
- Yale: sām jūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam1 dzung1
- Guangdong Romanization: sem1 zung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm-chûng
- Hakka Romanization System: ximˊ zungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xim1 zung1
- Sinological IPA: /sim²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: simˋ zhungˋ
- Sinological IPA: /sim⁵³ t͡ʃuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: xim1 zung1
- Sinological IPA: /ɕim⁴⁴ t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim-tiong
- Tâi-lô: sim-tiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: simdiofng
- IPA (Xiamen): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sim³³ tiɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
Noun
心中
Synonyms
- 內心 / 内心 (nèixīn)
- 寸心 (cùnxīn) (literary)
- 心上 (xīnshàng)
- 心內 / 心内 (Hakka, Hokkien)
- 心地 (xīndì)
- 心坎 (xīnkǎn)
- 心曲 (xīnqū) (literary)
- 心田 (xīntián)
- 心窩 / 心窝 (xīnwō) (figurative, poetic)
- 心窩子 / 心窝子 (xīnwōzi) (figurative, poetic)
- 心裡 / 心里 (xīnlǐ)
- 心頭 / 心头 (xīntóu)
- 心骨 (xīngǔ) (literary)
- 意下 (yìxià) (literary)
- 私心 (sīxīn)
- 肚子 (figurative)
- 肚裡 / 肚里 (dùlǐ)
- 肺肝 (fèigān) (literary)
- 胸 (xiōng)
- 胸中 (xiōngzhōng) (literary)
- 胸坎 (xiōngkǎn) (literary)
- 腹 (figurative)
Derived terms
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 心 | 中 |
| しん Grade: 2 |
ちゅう > じゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From 心 (shin, “heart, mind, spirit”) + 中 (-jū, “center;throughout”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
Noun
心中 • (shinjū) ←しんぢゆう (sindyuu)?
- lovers' suicide, double suicide
- Synonym: 情死 (jōshi)
- group suicide, collective suicide
- (figurative) sharing a common fate with someone or something
Derived terms
- 心中尽く (shinjū-zuku)
- 心中立て (shinjū-date)
- 心中箱 (shinjū-bako)
- 心中者 (shinjū-mono)
- 心中善し (shinjū-yoshi)
- 抱合い心中, 抱き合い心中 (dakiai shinjū)
- 跡追い心中, 後追い心中 (atooi shinjū, “suicide immediately after the death of one's spouse or lover”)
- 一家心中 (ikka shinjū, “family suicide”)
- 合意心中 (gōi shinjū, “double suicide”)
- ネット心中 (netto shinjū)
- 不心中 (bushinjū)
- 無理心中 (muri shinjū, “forced double suicide”)
Verb
心中する • (shinjū suru) ←しんぢゆう (sindyuu)?suru (stem 心中し (shinjū shi), past 心中した (shinjū shita))
- to commit a double suicide, to commit a lover's suicide
- to commit a group suicide
- (figurative) to share a common fate with someone or something
Conjugation
Conjugation of "心中する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 心中し | しんじゅうし | shinjū shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 心中し | しんじゅうし | shinjū shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 心中する | しんじゅうする | shinjū suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 心中する | しんじゅうする | shinjū suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 心中すれ | しんじゅうすれ | shinjū sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 心中せよ¹ 心中しろ² |
しんじゅうせよ¹ しんじゅうしろ² |
shinjū seyo¹ shinjū shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 心中される | しんじゅうされる | shinjū sareru | |
| Causative | 心中させる 心中さす |
しんじゅうさせる しんじゅうさす |
shinjū saseru shinjū sasu | |
| Potential | 心中できる | しんじゅうできる | shinjū dekiru | |
| Volitional | 心中しよう | しんじゅうしよう | shinjū shiyō | |
| Negative | 心中しない | しんじゅうしない | shinjū shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 心中せず | しんじゅうせず | shinjū sezu | |
| Formal | 心中します | しんじゅうします | shinjū shimasu | |
| Perfective | 心中した | しんじゅうした | shinjū shita | |
| Conjunctive | 心中して | しんじゅうして | shinjū shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 心中すれば | しんじゅうすれば | shinjū sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 心 | 中 |
| しん Grade: 2 |
ちゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese compound 心中 (MC sim trjuwng, literally “heart + center, middle, within”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) しんちゅう [shíꜜǹchùù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) しんちゅう [shìńchúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɕĩɲ̟t͡ɕɨː]
Noun
心中 • (shinchū)
Proverbs
- 山中の賊を破るは易く心中の賊を破るは難し (sanchū no zoku o yaburu wa yasuku shinchū no zoku o yaburu wa katashi)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN