忠告

Chinese

		loyal	to tell; to inform; to say
trad. (忠告/忠吿)		忠	告/吿
simp. (忠告)		忠	告

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōnggào, zhōnggù

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄠˋ, ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ guk¹ / zung¹ gou³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng-ko
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiong-kò / tiong-kò͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong¹ gao³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tson-kau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōnggào
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhonggào
  - Wade–Giles: chung¹-kao⁴
  - Yale: jūng-gàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonggaw
  - Palladius: чжунгао (čžungao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōnggù
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhonggù
  - Wade–Giles: chung¹-ku⁴
  - Yale: jūng-gù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongguh
  - Palladius: чжунгу (čžungu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹ guk¹ / zung¹ gou³
  - Yale: jūng gūk / jūng gou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ guk⁷ / dzung¹ gou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ gug¹ / zung¹ gou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊk̚⁵/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kou̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng-ko
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung^ˊ go
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ go⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-kò
  - Tâi-lô: tiong-kò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diongkoix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ko²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ko¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: tiong-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diongkox
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong¹ gao³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong kàu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³³⁻²³ kau²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tson-kau
  - MiniDict: tson^平 kau
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tson-kau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kɔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: trjuwng kowk

Rime
Character	忠	告
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	沃 (6)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	陟弓切	古沃切
Baxter	trjuwng	kowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/kuok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/kuok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/kok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/kawk̚/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/kok̚/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/kuok̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/kuok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹	guk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ kˤuk/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ kuːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忠	告
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	gào
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ kowk ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*kˁuk/
English	loyal	announce, inform
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忠	告
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	17408	3818
Phonetic component	中	吿
Rime group	終	覺
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	中	梏
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*kuːɡ/

Noun

忠告

advice; recommendation; counsel

Synonyms

勸告／劝告 (quàngào)

Verb

忠告

to advise

Synonyms

edit

勸告 / 劝告 (quàngào)
勸導 / 劝导 (quàndǎo)
勸解 / 劝解 (quànjiě)
勸誡 / 劝诫 (quànjiè)
告誡 / 告诫 (gàojiè)
奉勸 / 奉劝 (fèngquàn) (honorific)
懲 / 惩 (chéng) (literary, or in compounds)
戒飭 / 戒饬 (jièchì)
提醒 (tíxǐng)
正告 (zhènggào)
相勸 / 相劝 (xiāngquàn) (literary)
規 / 规 (literary, or in compounds)
規勸 / 规劝 (guīquàn)
誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
諧喙 / 谐喙 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
諫訓 / 谏训 (jiànxùn) (literary)
警告 (jǐnggào)
警示 (jǐngshì)
警誡 / 警诫 (jǐngjiè) (literary)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (忠告):

→ Japanese: 忠(ちゅう)告(こく) (chūkoku)
→ Korean: 충고(忠告) (chunggo)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
忠	告
ちゅう Grade: 6	こく Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
忠吿 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちゅうこく [chùúkókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɨːko̞kɯ̟]

Noun

忠(ちゅう)告(こく) • (chūkoku)

advice

Verb

忠(ちゅう)告(こく)する • (chūkoku suru) transitive suru (stem 忠(ちゅう)告(こく)し (chūkoku shi), past 忠(ちゅう)告(こく)した (chūkoku shita))

advise
気(き)を付(つ)けるようにと忠告(ちゅうこく)する
ki o tsukeru yō ni to chūkoku suru
advise to be careful

Conjugation

Conjugation of "忠告する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	忠告し	ちゅうこくし	chūkoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	忠告し	ちゅうこくし	chūkoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	忠告する	ちゅうこくする	chūkoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	忠告する	ちゅうこくする	chūkoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	忠告すれ	ちゅうこくすれ	chūkoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	忠告せよ¹ 忠告しろ²	ちゅうこくせよ¹ ちゅうこくしろ²	chūkoku seyo¹ chūkoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	忠告される	ちゅうこくされる	chūkoku sareru
Causative	忠告させる忠告さす	ちゅうこくさせるちゅうこくさす	chūkoku saseru chūkoku sasu
Potential	忠告できる	ちゅうこくできる	chūkoku dekiru
Volitional	忠告しよう	ちゅうこくしよう	chūkoku shiyō
Negative	忠告しない	ちゅうこくしない	chūkoku shinai
Negative continuative	忠告せず	ちゅうこくせず	chūkoku sezu
Formal	忠告します	ちゅうこくします	chūkoku shimasu
Perfective	忠告した	ちゅうこくした	chūkoku shita
Conjunctive	忠告して	ちゅうこくして	chūkoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	忠告すれば	ちゅうこくすれば	chūkoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
忠	告

Noun

忠告 • (chunggo) (hangeul 충고)

hanja form^? of 충고 (“advice”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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