愁

愁	U+6101, 愁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6101

← 愀
[U+6100]

CJK Unified Ideographs

愂 →
[U+6102]

Translingual

Han character

愁 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹火心 (HFP), four-corner 2933₈, composition ⿱秋心)

Derived characters

僽, 𠿈, 𱟓, 𢶲, 㵞, 𣜷, 𦡗, 矁, 𧒸, 𩼗, 𰂵, 𰒁, 𭅿, 𮧿

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 393, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10885
Dae Jaweon: page 729, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2322, character 8
Unihan data for U+6101

Chinese

trad.		愁
simp. ^#		愁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (秋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鍫	*sʰew
篍	sʰiw, sʰiws, *sʰɯw
愀	sʰiwʔ, zɯwʔ
湫	ʔsliwʔ, ʔsɯw, sʰɯw, zɯwʔ
揪	*ʔsɯw
揫	*ʔsɯw
啾	*ʔsɯw
鬏	*ʔsɯw
秋	*sʰɯw
鰍	*sʰɯw
楸	*sʰɯw
秌	*sʰɯw
鞦	*sʰɯw
鶖	*sʰɯw
萩	*sʰɯw
甃	*ʔsrɯws
醔	*sʰrɯw
愁	*zrɯw
僽	*zrɯws

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zrɯw): phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chóu (chou²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cou²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): seu³
Gan (Wiktionary): ceu²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sèu

(Meixian, Guangdong): sêu²
Jin (Wiktionary): cou¹
Northern Min (KCR): chě
Eastern Min (BUC): chèu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiû / chhô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): cou⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ceu⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zeu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chóu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻou²
  - Yale: chóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chour
  - Palladius: чоу (čou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cou²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰəu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sau⁴
  - Yale: sàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: seo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: seu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ceu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sèu
  - Hakka Romanization System: seu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seu²
  - Sinological IPA: /seu̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sêu²
  - Sinological IPA: /seu¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chě
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰe²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chèu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛu⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiû
  - Tâi-lô: tshiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiuu
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiu¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiu²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰiu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/

Note:

chhiû - vernacular;
chhô͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cou⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshôu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou⁵⁵/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: ceu⁵
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɛu²²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zeu
  - MiniDict: zeu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zeu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɤ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: cou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰəu̯¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 愁
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰou³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰou²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰɯ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰəu²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/səu¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zau³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡səu¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/seu¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/seu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/sɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ /t͡sʰiu³⁵/ 俗
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɛu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰe²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰou⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sɔu³¹/

Middle Chinese: dzrjuw

Rime
Character	愁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	士尤切
Baxter	dzrjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiu/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐuw/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiu/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]riw/

(Zhengzhang): /*zrɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chóu
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]riw/
English	grieved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愁
Reading #	1/1
No.	10550
Phonetic component	秋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*zrɯw/

Definitions

愁

to worry about; to be anxious; to be grieved
anxiety; sadness; sorrow

Synonyms

(to worry):

edit

干掛 (Puxian Min)
急 (jí)
怕
急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
恐怕 (kǒngpà)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
憂心 / 忧心 (yōuxīn)
憂慮 / 忧虑 (yōulǜ)
懸心 / 悬心 (xuánxīn)
掛心 / 挂心 (guàxīn)
掛礙 / 挂碍 (guà'ài)
提心 (tíxīn)
揪心 (jiūxīn)
擔心 / 担心 (dānxīn)
擔憂 / 担忧 (dānyōu)
燒心 / 烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
犯愁 (fànchóu)
疑慮 / 疑虑 (yílǜ)
發急 / 发急 (fājí)
發愁 / 发愁 (fāchóu)
發極 / 发极 (⁷faq ⁸jiq) (Wu)
著急 / 着急 (zháojí)
起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
顧慮 / 顾虑 (gùlǜ)

Compounds

不愁 (bùchóu)
不用愁
今愁古恨
借酒澆愁 / 借酒浇愁 (jièjiǔjiāochóu)
千愁萬恨 / 千愁万恨
千愁萬慮 / 千愁万虑
千愁萬緒 / 千愁万绪
哀愁 (āichóu)
四愁詩 / 四愁诗
坐困愁城
多愁善感 (duōchóushàngǎn)
多愁多病
天愁地慘 / 天愁地惨
悲愁 (bēichóu)
愁坐
愁城 (chóuchéng)
愁容 (chóuróng)
愁山悶海 / 愁山闷海
愁布袋
愁帽
愁思 (chóusī)
愁悶 / 愁闷 (chóumèn)
愁愁
愁懼兼心 / 愁惧兼心
愁戚戚
意擾心愁 / 意扰心愁
愁江恨海
愁海
愁疾
愁眉 (chóuméi)
愁眉不展 (chóuméibùzhǎn)
愁眉淚眼 / 愁眉泪眼
愁眉苦目
愁眉苦眼
愁眉苦臉 / 愁眉苦脸 (chóuméikǔliǎn)
愁紅慘綠 / 愁红惨绿
愁緒 / 愁绪 (chóuxù)
愁緒如麻 / 愁绪如麻
愁腸 / 愁肠 (chóucháng)
愁腸九轉 / 愁肠九转
愁腸寸斷 / 愁肠寸断
愁腸百結 / 愁肠百结
愁苦 (chóukǔ)
愁蹙
愁雲 / 愁云
愁雲慘霧 / 愁云惨雾
愁霖
愁霧 / 愁雾
愁顏不展 / 愁颜不展
憂愁 / 忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂愁夫人 / 忧愁夫人
慘綠愁紅 / 惨绿愁红
懷愁 / 怀愁 (huáichóu)
掃愁帚 / 扫愁帚
排愁破涕
新愁
新愁舊恨 / 新愁旧恨
日坐愁城
消愁
消愁解悶 / 消愁解闷
消愁釋悶 / 消愁释闷
消愁釋憒 / 消愁释愦
淚眼愁眉 / 泪眼愁眉
滿腹憂愁 / 满腹忧愁
滿面愁容 / 满面愁容
澆愁 / 浇愁
煩愁 / 烦愁
牢愁
發愁 / 发愁 (fāchóu)
神愁鬼哭
窮愁 / 穷愁
窮愁潦倒 / 穷愁潦倒
篆愁君
紅愁綠慘 / 红愁绿惨
綠慘紅愁 / 绿惨红愁
羈愁 / 羁愁
舊恨新愁 / 旧恨新愁
舊愁新恨 / 旧愁新恨
莫愁
莫愁湖
解愁 (jiěchóu)
蹙額愁眉 / 蹙额愁眉
轉愁為喜 / 转愁为喜
遠愁 / 远愁
遠愁近慮 / 远愁近虑
鄉愁 / 乡愁 (xiāngchóu)
酒病花愁
閒愁 / 闲愁
離愁 / 离愁 (líchóu)
馬見愁 / 马见愁
鬼見愁 / 鬼见愁 (guǐjiànchóu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (愁):

→ Vietnamese: sầu (愁)

References

“愁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

愁

(Jōyō kanji)

distress

Readings

Go-on: じゅう (jū)
Kan-on: すう (sū)
Kan’yō-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
Kun: うれい (urei, 愁い, Jōyō)、うれえる (ureeru, 愁える, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

愁 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

愁: Hán Nôm readings: sầu, rầu, ràu, xàu, xầu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.