慈善

Chinese

		compassionate; gentle; merciful compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane	good
trad. (慈善)		慈	善
simp. ^#(慈善)		慈	善

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): císhàn

(Zhuyin): ㄘˊ ㄕㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴ sin⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀-san

(Hailu, HRS): cii shan^˖
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chû-siān / chîr-siǎn

(Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵ siang⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zy-zoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: císhàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄕㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cíhshàn
  - Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²-shan⁴
  - Yale: tsź-shàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyrshann
  - Palladius: цышань (cyšanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ci⁴ sin⁶
  - Yale: chìh sihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴ sin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴ xin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹ siːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀-san
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˇ san
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci² san⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹ san⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii shan^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ʃan³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû-siān
  - Tâi-lô: tsû-siān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zusien
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³⁻³³ siɛn³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ siɛn³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³⁻²² siɛn²²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr-siǎn
  - Tâi-lô: tsîr-siǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ce⁵ siang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ siăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zy-zoe
  - MiniDict: zy^去 zoe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr-zoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzi dzyenX

Rime
Character	慈	善
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾之切	常演切
Baxter	dzi	dzyenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨ/	/d͡ʑiᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɨ/	/d͡ʑiɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zie/	/d͡ʑjæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨ/	/d͡ʑian^X/
Li Rong	/d͡ziə/	/ʑiɛn^X/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭə/	/ʑĭɛn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/	/ʑi̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴	sin⁶

Adjective

慈善

benevolent; charitable; philanthropic
慈善音樂會／慈善音乐会 ― císhàn yīnyuèhuì ― charity concert

Synonyms

慈悲 (cíbēi)

Derived terms

公益慈善團體 / 公益慈善团体
慈善事業 / 慈善事业
慈善家 (císhànjiā)
慈善機構 / 慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu)
防癆慈善紀念票 / 防痨慈善纪念票

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (慈善):

→ Japanese: 慈(じ)善(ぜん) (jizen)
→ Korean: 자선(慈善) (jaseon)
→ Vietnamese: từ thiện (慈善)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
慈	善
じ Grade: S	ぜん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じぜん [jìzéń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑizẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

慈(じ)善(ぜん) • (jizen)

charity; benevolence to others less fortunate than ourselves; the providing of goods or money to those in need

Synonyms

慈愛
思いやり
寛容
寛大さ
チャリティー

Antonyms

貪欲 (とんよく, ton'yoku; or たんよく, tan'yoku): greed

Coordinate terms

(virtue): chastity, diligence, patience, kindness, humility, temperance

Derived terms

慈善心: a charitable spirit
慈善団体: charitable organizations

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
慈	善

Noun

慈善 • (jaseon) (hangeul 자선)

hanja form^? of 자선 (“charity”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
慈	善

Adjective

慈善

chữ Hán form of từ thiện (“charitable; philanthropic”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Adjective

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

See also

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Adjective