慈愛

See also: 慈爱

Chinese

		compassionate; gentle; merciful compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane	to love; affection; to be fond of to love; affection; to be fond of; to like
trad. (慈愛)		慈	愛
simp. (慈爱)		慈	爱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cí'ài

(Zhuyin): ㄘˊ ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴ oi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀-oi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chîr-ài / chû-ài

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cí'ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cíh-ài
  - Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²-ai⁴
  - Yale: tsź-ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyray
  - Palladius: цыай (cyaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ci⁴ oi³
  - Yale: chìh oi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴ oi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴ oi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹ ɔːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀-oi
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˇ oi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci² oi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr-ài
  - Tâi-lô: tsîr-ài
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² ai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû-ài
  - Tâi-lô: tsû-ài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zu'aix
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ ai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³⁻³³ ai²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³⁻²² ai²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²⁴⁻²² ai²¹/

Middle Chinese: dzi 'ojH

Rime
Character	慈	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	疾之切	烏代切
Baxter	dzi	'ojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨ/	/ʔʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɨ/	/ʔəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zie/	/ʔɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨ/	/ʔəj^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ziə/	/ʔᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭə/	/ɒi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/	/ʔɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴	oi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-ts]ə [q]ˤə[p]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zɯ qɯːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慈	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cí	ài
Middle Chinese	‹ dzi ›	‹ ʔoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-ts]ə/	/*[q]ˁə[p]-s/
English	loving, kind	to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慈	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17845	1
Phonetic component	兹	愛
Rime group	之	隊
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	慈	愛
Old Chinese	/*zɯ/	/*qɯːds/
Notes		說文本從心旡聲

Adjective

慈愛

loving; affectionate; kind

Synonyms

edit

仁和 (rénhé) (literary)
仁愛 / 仁爱 (rén'ài)
仁慈 (réncí)
友善 (yǒushàn)
可親 / 可亲 (kěqīn)
和善 (héshàn)
和氣 / 和气
和藹 / 和蔼 (hé'ǎi)
善良 (shànliáng)
好心 (hǎoxīn)
惠 (huì) (literary, or in compounds)
惠愛 / 惠爱 (huì'ài) (literary)
慈祥 (cíxiáng)
祥和 (xiánghé)
腍善 (nam⁴ sin⁶) (Cantonese)
藹然 / 蔼然 (ǎirán) (literary)
隨和 / 随和

Antonyms

兇惡／凶恶 (xiōng'è)
猙獰／狰狞 (zhēngníng)

Noun

慈愛

love; affection; kindness; charity
- 他愈是找著了熱心的，愈是給得多；於是慈愛的範圍愈推廣，永久的善也由此增加。 [MSC, trad.]
  他愈是找着了热心的，愈是给得多；于是慈爱的范围愈推广，永久的善也由此增加。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: c. 1948, Wang Weike (王維克), translator. Divine Comedy (Purgatory, Canto XV). English text based on the translation by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
  Tā yùshì zhǎozháole rèxīn de, yùshì gěi dé duō; yúshì cí'ài de fànwéi yù tuīguǎng, yǒngjiǔ de shàn yě yóucǐ zēngjiā. [Pinyin]
  So much it gives itself as it finds ardour,
  So that as far as charity extends,
  O'er it increases the eternal valour.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (慈愛):

→ Japanese: 慈(じ)愛(あい) (jiai)
→ Korean: 자애(慈愛) (jaae)
→ Vietnamese: từ ái (慈愛)

Japanese

FWOTD – 15 May 2019

Kanji in this term
慈	愛
じ Grade: S	あい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じあい [jìáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) じあい [jíꜜàì] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑia̠i]

Noun

慈(じ)愛(あい) • (jiai)

affection, frequently the love of a parent for a child
- 2018 November 16, “‘Haha no jiai’ hatsugen, Koike chiji wa fukaikan [‘Mother’s love’ remark, Governor Koike uncomfortable]”, in Asahi Shimbun‎^[1], archived from the original on 8 June 2020:
  
  東(とう)京(きょう)都(と)の小(こ)池(いけ)百(ゆ)合(り)子(こ)知(ち)事(じ)は、今(こん)月(げつ)の全(ぜん)国(こく)知(ち)事(じ)会(かい)議(ぎ)で鳥(とっ)取(とり)県(けん)の平(ひら)井(い)伸(しん)治(じ)知(ち)事(じ)から「母(はは)の慈(じ)愛(あい)の心(こころ)を持(も)って」と言(い)われたことに対(たい)し、16(じゅうろく)日(にち)の定(てい)例(れい)会(かい)見(けん)で「私(わたし)は母(はは)になれなかった。安(あん)易(い)な発(はつ)言(げん)で、大(たい)変(へん)傷(きず)ついた」と不(ふ)快(かい)感(かん)を示(しめ)した。
  Tōkyō-to no Koike Yuriko-chiji wa, kongetsu no zenkoku chiji kaigi de Tottori-ken no Hirai Shinji-chiji kara “haha no jiai no kokoro o motte” to iwareta koto ni taishi, jūrokunichi no teirei kaiken de “Watashi wa haha ni narenakatta. An'ina hatsugen de, taihen kizutsuita” to fukaikan o shimeshita.
  Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike responded to Tottori governor Shinji Hirai’s comment at this month’s national governors’ meeting that she “has a mother’s affectionate heart”. During a regular interview on the 16th she expressed discomfort saying, “I never became a mother. This offhand comment hurt me terribly.”

Related terms

愛(あい) (ai, “love”)
恋(れん)愛(あい) (ren'ai, “romantic love”)
愛(あい)情(じょう) (aijō, “affection; love for a partner”)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
慈	愛

Noun

慈愛 • (jaae) (hangeul 자애)

hanja form^? of 자애 (“love; affection; kindness”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
慈	愛

Noun

慈愛

chữ Hán form of từ ái (“love; affection; kindness”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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