憨

憨	U+61A8, 憨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61A8

← 憧
[U+61A7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憩 →
[U+61A9]

Translingual

Han character

憨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一大心 (MKP) or 弓大心 (NKP) or 難一大心 (XMKP) or 難弓大心 (XNKP), four-corner 1833₄, composition ⿱敢心)

Derived characters

𠐣, 𥷌, 𤼉

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 403, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11244
Dae Jaweon: page 743, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2343, character 14
Unihan data for U+61A8

Chinese

trad.		憨
simp. ^#		憨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撖	kʰɯːm, kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	l̥ʰaːms, klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	kʰlaːms, qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	qʰaːm, qʰlaːms
譀	qʰlaːms, qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	ŋraːm, ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hān (han¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâm
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ham

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hān
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: han
  - Wade–Giles: han¹
  - Yale: hān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: han¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ham¹
  - Yale: hām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ham^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ham¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ham²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ham
  - Tâi-lô: ham
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ham³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ham⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: xam, hamH

Rime
Character	憨	憨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼談切	下瞰切
Baxter	xam	hamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑm/	/ɦɑm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑm/	/ɦɑm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑm/	/ɣɑm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ham/	/ɦam^H/
Li Rong	/xɑm/	/ɣɑm^H/
Wang Li	/xɑm/	/ɣɑm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɑm/	/ɣɑm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hān	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham¹	ham⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːm/, /*qʰlaːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憨	憨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3679	3680
Phonetic component	敢	敢
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	蚶
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːm/	/*qʰlaːms/

Definitions

憨

foolish; stupid; silly
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) simple; naive; innocent
憨厚 ― hānhòu ― simple and honest; straightforward
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) coarse
a surname

Compounds

半憨子
太憨生
嬌憨 / 娇憨 (jiāohān)
憨厚 (hānhòu)
憨子 (hānzi)
憨寢 / 憨寝
憨態 / 憨态
憨憨
憨狀可掬 / 憨状可掬
憨皮
憨直 (hānzhí)
憨笑
憨錢 / 憨钱
憨頑 / 憨顽
淘氣憨頑 / 淘气憨顽
獃憨獃 / 呆憨呆
老憨
裝憨 / 装憨
裝憨打呆 / 装憨打呆

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 憨 – see 戇 (“(Min Nan) stupid”). (This character is a variant form of 戇).

Japanese

Kanji

憨

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)、がん (gan)
Kun: おろか (oroka)

Korean

Hanja

憨 (eum 감 (gam))

stupid
silly

Vietnamese

Han character

憨: Hán Nôm readings: hám

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