未亡人

Chinese

		not yet	to die; to perish	man; person; people
trad. (未亡人)		未	亡	人
simp. ^#(未亡人)		未	亡	人
Literally: “person who has not yet died”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wèiwángrén

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶ mong⁴ jan⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bī-bông-jîn / bī-bông-lîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèiwángrén
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèiwángrén
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴-wang²-jên²
  - Yale: wèi-wáng-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weywangren
  - Palladius: вэйванжэнь (vɛjvanžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁶ mong⁴ jan⁴
  - Yale: meih mòhng yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶ mong⁴ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶ mong⁴ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²² mɔːŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-bông-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: bī-bông-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixbongjiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-bông-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: bī-bông-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixbongliin
  - IPA (Taipei): /bi³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

Middle Chinese: mj+jH mjang nyin

Rime
Character	未	亡	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	陽 (106)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	無沸切	武方切	如鄰切
Baxter	mj+jH	mjang	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉi^H/	/mʉɐŋ/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨi^H/	/mʷiɐŋ/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəi^H/	/miuɑŋ/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muj^H/	/muaŋ/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/miuəi^H/	/miuaŋ/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/mĭwəi^H/	/mĭwaŋ/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mwe̯i^H/	/miwaŋ/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	wáng	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁶	mong⁴	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m[ə]t-s maŋ ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯds maŋ njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	未	未	亡	人
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi	wèi	wáng	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨj^H ›	‹ mjɨj^H ›	‹ mjang ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*m[ə]t-s/	/*m[ə]t-s/	/*maŋ/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	not yet	8th earthly branch	flee; disappear; die	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	未	亡	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	12917	12662	10800
Phonetic component	未	亡	人
Rime group	隊	陽	眞
Rime subdivision	1	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	未	亡	仁
Old Chinese	/*mɯds/	/*maŋ/	/*njin/
Notes	從屮從木與芔字同根，陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝

Noun

未亡人

(literary) widow (typically as self-reference)

Usage notes

Considered dated by a number of dictionaries. Nowadays more and more disfavoured. Often proscribed by feminists.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (未亡人):

→ Japanese: 未(み)亡(ぼう)人(じん) (mibōjin)
→ Korean: 미망인(未亡人) (mimang'in)

Japanese

Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term
未	亡	人
み Grade: 4	ぼう Grade: 6	じん Grade: 1
on'yomi

(Tokyo) みぼーじん [mìbóꜜòjìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [mʲibo̞ːʑĩɴ]

Noun

未(み)亡(ぼう)人(じん) • (mibōjin) ^{←みばうじん (mibauzin)^?}

widow

Synonyms

寡婦(かふ) (kafu)
後家(ごけ) (goke)
やもめ (yamome)

Related terms

男(おとこ)やもめ (otokoyamome)
寡夫(かふ) (kafu)
寡(か)フ (kafu)
やもお (yamō)

Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term
未	亡	人
び Grade: 4	ぼう Grade: 6	じん Grade: 1
on'yomi

(Tokyo) びぼーじん [bìbóꜜòjìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [bʲibo̞ːʑĩɴ]

Noun

未(び)亡(ぼう)人(じん) • (bibōjin) ^{←びばうじん (bibauzin)^?}

widow

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
未	亡	人

Noun

未亡人 • (mimang'in) (hangeul 미망인)

hanja form^? of 미망인