標準

See also: 标准 and 標准

Chinese

		the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid	accurate; standard
trad. (標準/標准)		標	準/准
simp. (标准)		标	准

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): biāozhǔn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠㄓㄨㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): biu¹ zeon²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phêu-chún

(Meixian, Guangdong): biau¹ zun³
Eastern Min (BUC): biĕu-cūng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bieo¹ zong³ / bieo¹ zuong³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): piau-chún / phiau-chún

(Teochew, Peng'im): piou¹ zung² / piao¹ zung²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹piau-tsen₅ / ¹piau-tsen₃

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: biāozhǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠㄓㄨㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: biaojhǔn
  - Wade–Giles: piao¹-chun³
  - Yale: byāu-jwǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biaujoen
  - Palladius: бяочжунь (bjaočžunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: biu¹ zeon²
  - Yale: bīu jéun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: biu¹ dzoen²
  - Guangdong Romanization: biu¹ zên²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phêu-chún
  - Hakka Romanization System: peu^ˊ zun^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: peu¹ zun³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰeu̯²⁴ t͡sun³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: biau¹ zun³
  - Sinological IPA: /piau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sun³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: biĕu-cūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒuŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo¹ zong³ [Phonetic: bieo⁵ zong³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ba̤u-ceông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pieu⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo¹ zuong³ [Phonetic: bieo⁵ zuong³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pieu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡suoŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piau-chún
  - Tâi-lô: piau-tsún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piauzuon
  - IPA (Xiamen): /piau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /piau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁴²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piau³³ t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /piau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiau-chún
  - Tâi-lô: phiau-tsún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phiauzuon
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: piou¹ zung² / piao¹ zung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phiou tsúng / phiau tsúng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiou³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ⁵²/, /pʰiau³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ⁵²/

Note:

piou1 zung2 - Chaozhou;
piao1 zung2 - Jieyang, Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹piau-tsen₅
  - MiniDict: piau^平 tsen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹piau-tsen₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɔ⁵⁵ t͡sən²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹piau-tsen₃
  - MiniDict: piau^平 tsen^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /piæ⁴⁴ t͡sən/

Middle Chinese: pjiew tsywinX

Rime
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫遙切	之尹切
Baxter	pjiew	tsywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piᴇu/	/t͡ɕiuɪn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕʷin^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pjæu/	/t͡ɕjuen^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piaw/	/cwin^X/
Li Rong	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕiuĕn^X/
Wang Li	/pĭɛu/	/t͡ɕĭuĕn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯ɛu/	/t͡ɕi̯uĕn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	biāo	zhǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	biu¹	zeon²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pew qʷjinʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	準
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsywin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*turʔ/
English	water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	9742	12189
Phonetic component	票	隼
Rime group	宵	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	飊	準
Old Chinese	/*pew/	/*qʷjinʔ/

Noun

標準

standard; criterion
法定標準／法定标准 ― fǎdìng biāozhǔn ― legal standard

評分標準／评分标准 ― píngfēn biāozhǔn ― scoring criteria

合乎標準／合乎标准 ― héhū biāozhǔn ― to conform to the standard

統一標準／统一标准 ― tǒngyī biāozhǔn ― to unify standards

收費標準／收费标准 ― shōufèi biāozhǔn ― charging standards; rates

收緊貸款標準／收紧贷款标准 ― shōujǐn dàikuǎn biāozhǔn ― to tighten lending criteria

修煉的標準是嚴格。 [MSC, trad.]
修炼的标准是严格。 [MSC, simp.]
Xiūliàn de biāozhǔn shì yángé. [Pinyin]
Strictness is the standard of cultivation practice.
- 真理的標準只能是社會的實踐。 [MSC, trad.]
  真理的标准只能是社会的实践。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Zhēnlǐ de biāozhǔn zhǐnéng shì shèhuì de shíjiàn. [Pinyin]
  Only social practice can be the criterion of truth.

Synonyms

edit

判準 / 判准 (pànzhǔn)
基準 / 基准 (jīzhǔn)
尺寸 (chǐcùn)
尺度 (chǐdù)
尺碼 / 尺码 (chǐmǎ)
尺頭兒 / 尺头儿 (chǐtóur) (regional)
平臺 / 平台 (píngtái)
度程 (dùchéng) (literary)
式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
格 (gé) (literary, or in compounds)
格式 (géshì)
水準 / 水准 (shuǐzhǔn)
法度 (fǎdù)
準則 / 准则 (zhǔnzé)
準繩 / 准绳 (zhǔnshéng)
規格 / 规格 (guīgé)
規範 / 规范 (guīfàn)
道揆 (dàokuí) (Classical Chinese)

Adjective

標準

standard (falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.)
標準的普通話／标准的普通话 ― biāozhǔn de pǔtōnghuà ― standard Mandarin

Synonyms

edit

正式 (zhèngshì)
正經 / 正经
正規 / 正规 (zhèngguī)
規範 / 规范 (guīfàn)

Derived terms

國際標準書號 / 国际标准书号 (guójì biāozhǔn shūhào)
標準件 / 标准件 (biāozhǔnjiàn)
標準偏差 / 标准偏差 (biāozhǔn piānchā)
標準像 / 标准像 (biāozhǔnxiàng)
標準化 / 标准化 (biāozhǔnhuà)
標準大氣壓 / 标准大气压 (biāozhǔn dàqìyā)
標準工資 / 标准工资 (biāozhǔn gōngzī)
標準差 / 标准差 (biāozhǔnchā)
標準德語 / 标准德语 (biāozhǔn déyǔ)
標準時 / 标准时 (biāozhǔnshí)
標準時區 / 标准时区 (biāozhǔn shíqū)
標準時間 / 标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
標準粉 / 标准粉 (biāozhǔnfěn)
標準語 / 标准语 (biāozhǔnyǔ)
標準間 / 标准间 (biāozhǔnjiān)
標準音 / 标准音 (biāozhǔnyīn)
標配 / 标配 (biāopèi)
生活標準 / 生活标准 (shēnghuó biāozhǔn)
美國信息交換標準代碼 / 美国信息交换标准代码 (Měiguó Xìnxī Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ)
美國資訊交換標準代碼 / 美国资讯交换标准代码 (Měiguó Zīxùn Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ)
雙重標準 / 双重标准 (shuāngchóng biāozhǔn)
非標準 / 非标准

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (標準):

→ Japanese: 標準(ひょうじゅん) (hyōjun)
→ Korean: 표준(標準) (pyojun)
→ Vietnamese: tiêu chuẩn (標準)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
標	準
ひょう Grade: 4	じゅん Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひょーじゅん [hyòójúń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ço̞ːʑɨ̃ɴ]

Noun

標(ひょう)準(じゅん) • (hyōjun)

standard, level, the mark, norm

Derived terms

標準化(ひょうじゅんか) (hyōjunka)
標準語(ひょうじゅんご) (hyōjungo)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
標	準

Noun

標準 • (pyojun) (hangeul 표준)

hanja form^? of 표준 (“standard”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
標	準

Noun

標準

chữ Hán form of tiêu chuẩn (“standard”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]