洛叉

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (洛叉)		洛	叉

Etymology

Transliteration of Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): luòchā

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄚ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luòchā
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luòcha
  - Wade–Giles: lo⁴-chʻa¹
  - Yale: lwò-chā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohcha
  - Palladius: лоча (loča)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: lak tsrhea|tsrhae

Rime
Character	洛	叉	叉
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	佳 (31)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II	II
Fanqie	盧各切	楚佳切	初加切
Baxter	lak	tsrhea	tsrhae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛ/	/t͡ʃʰˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/t͡ʃʰæi/	/t͡ʃʰa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɛ/	/t͡ʃʰa/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/t͡ʃʰai/	/t͡ʃʰa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰai/	/ʈ͡ʂʰa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	chāi	chā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok⁶	caai¹	caa¹

Noun

洛叉

(Buddhism) lakh (one hundred thousand)
- 佛言：「善男子！一百洛叉為一俱胝，俱胝俱胝為一阿庾多，阿庾多阿庾多為一那由他。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  佛言：「善男子！一百洛叉为一俱胝，俱胝俱胝为一阿庾多，阿庾多阿庾多为一那由他。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Avataṃsaka Sūtra, translated by Śikṣānanda circa 7^th century CE
  Fó yán: “Shàn nánzǐ! Yībǎi luòchā wèi yī jùzhī, jùzhī jùzhī wèi yī āyǔduō, āyǔduō āyǔduō wèi yī nàyóutā.” [Pinyin]
  The Buddha said: "Good man! A hundred lakhs is one koṭi, a koti squared is an ayúta, an ayúta squared is one nayuta."

Japanese

Etymology

Transliteration of Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa).^[1]^[2] First cited to a text from the early 1400s.^[3]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) らくしゃ [ráꜜkùshà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟̊ɕa̠]

Noun

洛叉(らくしゃ) • (rakusha)

(Buddhism) lakh (one hundred thousand)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “洛叉”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006