澗
See also: 涧
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Translingual
Han character
澗 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水日弓日 (EANA), four-corner 37120, composition ⿰氵間)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 652, character 32
- Dae Jaweon: page 1060, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 8 (in addendum), page 24, character 14
- Unihan data for U+6F97
Chinese
| trad. | 澗 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 涧 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (閒) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn)
Etymology
For the Hokkien sense of "alleyway; alley; narrow street", possibly related to 間 / 间 (kàn, “gap; partition”) or possibly a semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) or from Malay pekan[1] as a clipping, but this term is also found recorded in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) as "Parian 墹 can̂."[2] which is also read as 墹 (kàn).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan2 / gaan3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gáng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
- Wade–Giles: chien4
- Yale: jyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan2 / gaan3
- Yale: gáan / gaan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan2 / gaan3
- Guangdong Romanization: gan2 / gan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn³⁵/, /kaːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
- Hakka Romanization System: gianˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kien⁵³/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gang4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
- Tâi-lô: kàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
- IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: kaenH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤra[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːns/, /*kraːns/
Definitions
澗
- brook between mountains; mountain stream
- a numeral that refers to 1036 or others
- (Hokkien, historical) alleyway; alley; narrow street
Compounds
See also
| Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 104 | 108 | 1012 | 1016 | 1020 | 1024 | 1028 | 1032 | 1036 | 1040 | 1044 | 1048 | |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) | |
| 萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) |
億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) | |||||||||||
References
- ^ Lo Man Yuk (July 1898) “Chinese Names of Streets in Penang”, in Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society[1], numbers 31-34, Singapore: American Mission Press, page 204
- ^ Dictionario Hispánico-Sinicum[2] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish, Hokkien, and Classical Mandarin), kept as Vocabulario Español-Chino con caracteres chinos (TOMO 215) in the University of Santo Tomás Archives, Manila: Dominican Order of Preachers, 1626-1642, page 728; republished as Lee, Fabio Yuchung (李毓中), Chen, Tsung-jen (陳宗仁), José, Regalado Trota, Caño, José Luis Ortigosa, editors, Hokkien Spanish Historical Document Series I: Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum[3], Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2018, →ISBN
Further reading
- “澗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[4], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
澗
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Readings
Number
澗 • (kan)
- undecillion, a number of 1036 in modern Japanese since 17th century.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 澗 (MC kaenH). Recorded as Middle Korean 간〯 (kǎn) (Yale: kǎn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [간(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
澗 (eumhun 산골 물 간 (san'gol mul gan))
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]
Vietnamese
Han character
澗: Hán Nôm readings: giản
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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