粲

粲	U+7CB2, 粲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CB2

← 粱
[U+7CB1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

粳 →
[U+7CB3]

Translingual

Han character

粲 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜水火木 (YEFD), four-corner 2790₄, composition ⿱𣦼米)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 909, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26966
Dae Jaweon: page 1335, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3148, character 14
Unihan data for U+7CB2

Chinese

trad.		粲
simp. ^#		粲
alternative forms		𥹏𥺤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 粲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
餐	*sʰaːn
湌	*sʰaːn
粲	*sʰaːns
燦	*sʰaːns
璨	*sʰaːns
薒	*sʰaːns
殩	*sʰoːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰaːns): phonetic 𣦼 (cán) + semantic 米 (“rice”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sal (“clear, bright, pleasant”) (Unger, 1990; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སལ་བ། (sal ba, “clear, distinct, bright”).

Benedict, 1972 compares this with Tibetan མཚར་བ (mtshar ba, “bright, shining, beautiful”) yet this isn't preferrable consider Middle Chinese *tsʰ- corresponds to Written Tibetan gs-.

Luce, 1981 considers the "polished white rice" sense to be related to Burmese ဆန် (hcan, “uncooked white rice”), perhaps referring to the "clear and bright" nature of uncooked rice.

Same word as 燦 (OC *sʰaːns).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): càn (can⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caan³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: càn
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: càn
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻan⁴
  - Yale: tsàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsann
  - Palladius: цань (canʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caan³
  - Yale: chaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: can³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːn³³/

Middle Chinese: tshanH

Rime
Character	粲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蒼案切
Baxter	tshanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰan^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑn^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	càn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	粲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	càn
Middle Chinese	‹ tshan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁar-s/
English	bright and white
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	粲
Reading #	1/1
No.	1119
Phonetic component
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*sʰaːns/
Notes	聲符本歺又，爲去蕪取精，與之同源

Definitions

粲

(literary) polished white rice
(literary) bright; radiant
(literary) beautiful; splendid
(literary) smiling; beaming
(literary) numerous; multitudinous
(literary) alternative form of 餐 (cān, “meal”)

Compounds

一粲
白粲
粲然 (cànrán)
粲然可觀 / 粲然可观
粲爛 / 粲烂 (cànlàn)
粲粲 (càncàn)
粲者
粲花之論 / 粲花之论
翠粲
舌粲蓮花 / 舌粲莲花
荀粲熨婦 / 荀粲熨妇

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 粲 – see 燦 (“vivid; illuminating; bright; lustrous”). (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified and variant form of 燦).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

“粲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

粲

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: さん (san)
Kan-on: さん (san)
Kun: いい (ī)
Nanori: あきら (akira)、きよし (kiyoshi)、つばら (tsubara)

Korean

Hanja

粲 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

粲: Hán Nôm readings: sán, xán

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation