總無
Chinese
always; to assemble; gather always; to assemble; gather; total; overall; head; chief; general; in every case |
not have | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (總無) | 總 | 無 | |
| simp. (总无) | 总 | 无 | |
Pronunciation
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zorng3 bo2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chóng-bô
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng3 bo2 [Phonetic: zorng2 bo2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cô̤ng-beó
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ po¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng3 bo2 [Phonetic: zorng1 bo2]
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɒŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ po²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chóng-bô
- Tâi-lô: tsóng-bô
- Phofsit Daibuun: zofngbooi
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bo²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Adverb
總無
- (Hokkien, Puxian Min) Indicates a rhetorical question: surely it doesn't mean that..., is it possible that...
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 難道 (“could it be that; is it possible that”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 莫非, 豈 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 莫非, 豈, 難道, 莫不是 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 難道, 難不成, 甭 |
| Taiwan | 難道, 難不成 | |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 難說 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔通 |
| Hong Kong | 唔通 | |
| Taishan | 唔成, 敢係, 唔得旨, 毋旨, 毋旨估 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 無成, 敢講, 敢係 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 無成, 敢講, 敢係 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 無成, 敢講, 敢係 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 無成, 敢講, 敢會, 敢係 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 無成, 毋成, 敢講, 敢係 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 無敢, 敢講, 敢會, 敢係 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 敢, 總無 |
| Quanzhou | 敢, 總無, 攏無 | |
| Zhangzhou | 敢, 總無 | |
| Tainan | 敢 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 敢 | |
| Shantou | 未是 | |
| Jieyang | 未是, 敢, 敢是 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 乜然, 總無 |
| Xianyou | 乜然, 總無 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 只勿 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 難算得 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冇過 |
References
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “总无”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 600.