芝

芝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 4430₇, composition ⿱艹之)

• 𡝳, 徔, 𪫿, 𣷸, 𣔰, 𤦧, 𮐘

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1019, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
• Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3176, character 5
• Unihan data for U+829D

• Unihan data for U+2F991

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjɯ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.

芝

1. lingzhi; Ganoderma

   靈芝／灵芝  ―  língzhī  ―  lingzhi

2. alternative form of 芷
3. used in 芝麻 (zhīma, “sesame”)
4. used in 芝城 (Zhīchéng, “city of Chicago”)
5. a surname

(Jōyō kanji)

1. turf, lawn, grass

• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: しば (shiba, 芝, Jōyō)、しざま (shizama)
• Nanori: こげ (koge)、しは (shiha)、しば (shiba)、しはざき (shihazaki)、しばさき (shibasaki)、しばざき (shibazaki)、しばたか (shibataka)

From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.

This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.

• (Tokyo) しば [shìbá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕiba̠]

芝(しば) • (shiba) 

1. grass, turf, green
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3508:

     芝(しば)付(つき)乃(の)　御(み)宇(う)良(ら)佐(さ)伎(き)奈流(なる)　根(ね)都(つ)古(こ)具(ぐ)佐(さ)　安(あ)比(ひ)見(み)受(ず)安(あ)良(ら)婆(ば)　安(あ)礼(れ)古(こ)非(ひ)米(め)夜(や)母(も)。

     Shibatsuki no Miurasaki naru netsukogusa ahi mizu araba are kohi meyamo.

     The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.

2. short for 芝見 (shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass

芝(しば) • (Shiba) 

1. a surname
2. (~区) one of the 35 former wards of Tokyo Prefecture (1868–1943), Tokyo City.

   Synonym: 芝区 (Shiba ku, “Shiba ward”)

芝(しば)する • (shiba suru) suru (stem 芝(しば)し (shiba shi), past 芝(しば)した (shiba shita))

1. short for 芝見 (​shibami): to hide in the grass and spy on one's enemies or scout out the situation

Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) +‎ 様 (sama, “kind, type”).^[2] The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.

• IPA^(key): [ɕiza̠ma̠]

芝(しざま) • (shizama) 

1. (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii

   This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.

From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).

• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

芝(し) • (shi) 

1. the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom

Used as ateji in various surnames.

芝(しはざき) • (Shihazaki) 

1. a surname

芝(しばさき) • (Shibasaki) 

1. a surname

芝(しばざき) • (Shibazaki) 

1. a surname

芝(しばたか) • (Shibataka) 

1. a surname

芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

芝: Hán Nôm readings: chi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.